Three-Dimensional Microsurgical and Tractographic Anatomy of the White Matter of the Human Brain

Fernández-Miranda, Juan C.; Rhoton, Albert L.; Álvarez‐Linera, Juan; Kakizawa, Yukinari; Choi, Chan-Young; Oliveira, Evandro P. De

doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000333767.05328.49

Cited by 225 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(206 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

221

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Some cadaveric studies support the concept that the AF is a part of the SLF. 22,44 In our study, we were able to demonstrate the clear separation of 3 components of the SLF and 2 distinct parts of the AF through the fiber dissection technique and DTI.…”

Section: Fiber Tracts Of the Dorsal Language Streammentioning

confidence: 56%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

Self Cite

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T he contemporary dual stream language model is analogous to the visual system, which is composed of ventral "what" and dorsal "where" streams. 11,31The ventral language stream is involved in semantic (meaning of word) processing of speech, and the dorsal stream controls phonological (word production) processing of speech. 11,59 The arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) are involved in the dorsal language stream, while the middle longitudinal (MLF), inferior longitudinal (ILF), inferior frontooccipital (IFOF), and uncinate fasciculi (UF) are associated with the ventral language stream (see Fig. 3C). 15,18,31,59 This study examined the components of the dorsal language stream (SLF and AF) using postmortem fiber dissection and DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) techniques (Figs. 1-3). These anatomical findings were compared with data from clinical-radiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of white matter (Table 1).The frontoparietal network, called the SLF, was verified and delineated as the dorsal SLF I, the middle SLF II, obJective The aim of this study was to examine the arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), which together form the dorsal language stream, using fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques in the human brain. methods Twenty-five formalin-fixed brains (50 hemispheres) and 3 adult cadaveric heads, prepared according to the Klingler method, were examined by the fiber dissection technique. The authors' findings were supported with MR tractography provided by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium. The frequencies of gyral distributions were calculated in segments of the AF and SLF in the cadaveric specimens. results The AF has ventral and dorsal segments, and the SLF has 3 segments: SLF I (dorsal pathway), II (middle pathway), and III (ventral pathway). The AF ventral segment connects the middle (88%; all percentages represent the area of the named structure that is connected to the tract) and posterior (100%) parts of the superior temporal gyri and the middle part (92%) of the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis, 40% in pars triangularis) and the ventral premotor cortex (84%) by passing deep to the lower part of the supramarginal gyrus (100%). The AF dorsal segment connects the posterior part of the middle (100%) and inferior temporal gyri (76%) to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis), ventral premotor cortex (72%), and posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus (56%) by passing deep to the lower part of the angular gyrus (100%). coNclusioNs This study depicts the distinct subdivision of the AF and SLF, based on cadaveric fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques, to clarify the complicated language processing pathways.

show abstract

Section: Fiber Tracts Of the Dorsal Language Streammentioning

confidence: 56%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

Self Cite

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Formaldehyde-related brain hardening combined with sequential freezing causes axons to separate from each other, thus facilitating the dissection of fine fiber bundles. 8,12,13,18 In contrast, color distortion is a well-known drawback that has an important impact on the overall quality of the illustrative work in terms of more lifelike and better contrast. White, pallid cortical and subcortical structures are far A and D), customized (B and E), and cryopreserved (C and F) specimens revealed better overall results in the customized group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel embalming solution for neurosurgical simulation in cadavers

Benet

Rincón-Torroella

Lawton

et al. 2014

JNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object Surgical simulation using postmortem human heads is one of the most valid strategies for neurosurgical research and training. The authors customized an embalming formula that provides an optimal retraction profile and lifelike physical properties while preventing microorganism growth and brain decay for neurosurgical simulations in cadavers. They studied the properties of the customized formula and compared its use with the standard postmortem processing techniques: cryopreservation and formaldehyde-based embalming. Methods Eighteen specimens were prepared for neurosurgical simulation: 6 formaldehyde embalmed, 6 cryopreserved, and 6 custom embalmed. The customized formula is a mixture of ethanol 62.4%, glycerol 17%, phenol 10.2%, formaldehyde 2.3%, and water 8.1%. After a standard pterional craniotomy, retraction profiles and brain stiffness were studied using an intracranial pressure transducer and monitor. Preservation time—that is, time that tissue remained in optimal condition—between specimen groups was also compared through periodical reports during a 48-hour simulation. Results The mean (± standard deviation) retraction pressures were highest in the formaldehyde group and lowest in the cryopreserved group. The customized formula provided a mean retraction pressure almost 3 times lower than formaldehyde (36 ± 3 vs 103 ± 14 mm Hg, p < 0.01) and very similar to cryopreservation (24 ± 6 mm Hg, p < 0.01). For research purposes, preservation time in the cryopreserved group was limited to 4 hours and was unlimited for the customized and formaldehyde groups for the duration of the experiment. Conclusions The customized embalming solution described herein is optimal for allowing retraction and surgical maneuverability while preventing decay. The authors were able to significantly lower the formaldehyde content as compared with that in standard formulas. The custom embalming solution has the benefits from both cryopreservation (for example, biological brain tissue properties) and formaldehyde embalming (for example, preservation time and microorganism growth prevention) and minimizes their drawbacks, that is, rapid decay in the former and stiffness in the latter. The presented embalming formula provides an important advance for neurosurgical simulations in research and teaching.

show abstract

“…And, it is considered that the further studies on the posterior extension of temporal stem are necessary. The temporal stem composed of several white matter tracts has been known to have an intimate relation with learning, spatial, visual, and verbal functions 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,16,[19][20][21]24) . It can be a route for tumor, infection, and seizure spread 12) .…”

Section: B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Understanding of the Temporal Stem

Choi

Han

Yee

et al. 2010

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective : There has been inconsistency about definition of the temporal stem despite of several descriptions demonstrating its microanatomy using fiber dissection and/or diffusion tensor tractography. This study was designed to clarify three dimensional configurations of the temporal stem. Methods : The fronto-temporal regions of several formalin-fixed human cerebral hemispheres were dissected under an operating microscope using the fiber dissection technique. The consecutive coronal cuts of the dissected specimens were made to define the relationships of white matter tracts comprising the temporal stem and the subcortical gray matters (thalamus, caudate nucleus, amygdala) with inferior limiting (circular) sulcus of insula. Results : The inferior limiting sulcus of insula, limen insulae, medial sylvian groove, and caudate nucleus/amygdala were more appropriate anatomical structures than the roof/dorso-lateral wall of the temporal horn and lateral geniculate body which were used to describe previously for delineating the temporal stem. The particular space located inside the line connecting the inferior limiting sulcus of insula, limen insulae, medial sylvian groove/amygdala, and tail of caudate nucleus could be documented. This space included the extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus, anterior commissure, ansa peduncularis, and inferior thalamic peduncle including optic radiations, whereas the stria terminalis, cingulum, fimbria, and inferior longitudinal fiber of the temporal lobe were not passing through this space. Also, this continued posteriorly along the caudate nucleus and limiting sulcus of the insula. Conclusion :The temporal stem is white matter fibers passing through a particular space of the temporal lobe located inside the line connecting the inferior limiting sulcus of insula, limen insulae, medial sylvian groove/amygdala, and tail of caudate nucleus. The three dimensional configurations of the temporal stem are expected to give the very useful anatomical and surgical insights in the temporal lobe.

show abstract

Three-Dimensional Microsurgical and Tractographic Anatomy of the White Matter of the Human Brain

Abstract: The fiber-dissection and diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging techniques are reciprocally enriched not only in their application to the study of the complex intrinsic architecture of the brain, but also in their practical use for diagnosis and surgical planning.

Cited by 225 publications

References 121 publications

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Novel embalming solution for neurosurgical simulation in cadavers

A Understanding of the Temporal Stem

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About