“…It enables more comprehensive multidimensional uorescence detection. EEMF has been widely applied in the elds of environment 4,5,6 , agriculture 7,8,9 , petroleum 10,11,12 , biology 13,14,15,16 , pharmaceuticals 17 , and foods 18,19 for its convenience, rich information, signi cant features, and high selectivity 20,21,22 . However, given the presence of signi cant interference noise and overlapping uorescence information, effective feature extraction and analysis methods for three-dimensional uorescence are essential.…”