Abstract:To develop a fast three-dimensional method for simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification for breast imaging by using MR fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, variable flip angles and magnetization preparation modules were applied to acquire MR fingerprinting data for each partition of a three-dimensional data set. A fast postprocessing method was implemented by using singular value decomposition. The proposed technique was first validated in phantoms and then applied to 15 healthy femal… Show more
“…The T 1 and T 2 measured using 3D breast MRF were repeatable across multiple volunteers at different scan timings. The ranges of T 1 and T 2 for normal fibroglandular tissue observed in this study are similar to the mean T 1 of 1198 ± 99 msec and 1445 ± 93 and T 2 of 40 ± 5 msec and 54 ± 9 values reported previously with comparable T 1 and T 2 for right and left breasts for all subjects.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The ability to obtain rapid, volumetric, and simultaneous T 1 and T 2 maps represents a significant advantage over previously described breast relaxometry methods, which typically measured only one property at a time, required long acquisition times, and had limited organ coverage. The T 1 and T 2 values measured with 3D breast MRF have been shown to be accurate and comparable to the literature with phantom and in vivo validation . Clinically, measurements obtained from 3D breast MRF may be useful for lesion characterization or assessment of treatment response.…”
supporting
confidence: 61%
“…A dictionary including the signal evolutions from a wide range of T 1 and T 2 values (T 1 , 60–5000 msec; T 2 , 10–500 msec) was first calculated using Bloch equation simulations. The raw MRF data were processed offline using MatLab (v. 2014a; MathWorks, Natick, MA) and coregistered T 1 , T 2 , and proton density maps were generated using a pattern‐matching process . The 3D breast MRF partition containing the largest homogenous area of normal fibroglandular breast tissue was selected.…”
Background
The 3D breast magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique enables T1 and T2 mapping in breast tissues. Combined repeatability and reproducibility studies on breast T1 and T2 relaxometry are lacking.
Purpose
To assess test–retest and two‐visit repeatability and interscanner reproducibility of the 3D breast MRF technique in a single‐institution setting.
Study Type
Prospective.
Subjects
Eighteen women (median age 29 years, range, 22–33 years) underwent Visit 1 scans on scanner 1. Ten of these women underwent test–retest scan repositioning after a 10‐minute interval. Thirteen women had Visit 2 scans within 7–15 days in same menstrual cycle. The remaining five women had Visit 2 scans in the same menstrual phase in next menstrual cycle. Five women were also scanned on scanner 2 at both visits for interscanner reproducibility.
Field Strength/Sequence
Two 3T MR scanners with the 3D breast MRF technique.
Assessment
T1 and T2 MRF maps of both breasts.
Statistical Tests
Mean T1 and T2 values for normal fibroglandular tissues were quantified at all scans. For variability, between and within‐subjects coefficients of variation (bCV and wCV, respectively) were assessed. Repeatability was assessed with Bland–Altman analysis and coefficient of repeatability (CR). Reproducibility was assessed with interscanner coefficient of variation (CoV) and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.
Results
The bCV at test–retest scans was 9–12% for T1, 7–17% for T2, wCV was <4% for T1, and <7% for T2. For two visits in same menstrual cycle, bCV was 10–15% for T1, 13–17% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1 and <5% for T2. For two visits in the same menstrual phase, bCV was 6–14% for T1, 15–18% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1, and <9% for T2. For test–retest scans, CR for T1 and T2 were 130 msec and 11 msec. For two visit scans, CR was <290 msec for T1 and 10–14 msec for T2. Interscanner CoV was 3.3–3.6% for T1 and 5.1–6.6% for T2, with no differences between interscanner measurements (P = 1.00 for T1, P = 0.344 for T2).
Data Conclusion
3D breast MRF measurements are repeatable across scan timings and scanners and may be useful in clinical applications in breast imaging.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1133–1143.
“…The T 1 and T 2 measured using 3D breast MRF were repeatable across multiple volunteers at different scan timings. The ranges of T 1 and T 2 for normal fibroglandular tissue observed in this study are similar to the mean T 1 of 1198 ± 99 msec and 1445 ± 93 and T 2 of 40 ± 5 msec and 54 ± 9 values reported previously with comparable T 1 and T 2 for right and left breasts for all subjects.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The ability to obtain rapid, volumetric, and simultaneous T 1 and T 2 maps represents a significant advantage over previously described breast relaxometry methods, which typically measured only one property at a time, required long acquisition times, and had limited organ coverage. The T 1 and T 2 values measured with 3D breast MRF have been shown to be accurate and comparable to the literature with phantom and in vivo validation . Clinically, measurements obtained from 3D breast MRF may be useful for lesion characterization or assessment of treatment response.…”
supporting
confidence: 61%
“…A dictionary including the signal evolutions from a wide range of T 1 and T 2 values (T 1 , 60–5000 msec; T 2 , 10–500 msec) was first calculated using Bloch equation simulations. The raw MRF data were processed offline using MatLab (v. 2014a; MathWorks, Natick, MA) and coregistered T 1 , T 2 , and proton density maps were generated using a pattern‐matching process . The 3D breast MRF partition containing the largest homogenous area of normal fibroglandular breast tissue was selected.…”
Background
The 3D breast magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique enables T1 and T2 mapping in breast tissues. Combined repeatability and reproducibility studies on breast T1 and T2 relaxometry are lacking.
Purpose
To assess test–retest and two‐visit repeatability and interscanner reproducibility of the 3D breast MRF technique in a single‐institution setting.
Study Type
Prospective.
Subjects
Eighteen women (median age 29 years, range, 22–33 years) underwent Visit 1 scans on scanner 1. Ten of these women underwent test–retest scan repositioning after a 10‐minute interval. Thirteen women had Visit 2 scans within 7–15 days in same menstrual cycle. The remaining five women had Visit 2 scans in the same menstrual phase in next menstrual cycle. Five women were also scanned on scanner 2 at both visits for interscanner reproducibility.
Field Strength/Sequence
Two 3T MR scanners with the 3D breast MRF technique.
Assessment
T1 and T2 MRF maps of both breasts.
Statistical Tests
Mean T1 and T2 values for normal fibroglandular tissues were quantified at all scans. For variability, between and within‐subjects coefficients of variation (bCV and wCV, respectively) were assessed. Repeatability was assessed with Bland–Altman analysis and coefficient of repeatability (CR). Reproducibility was assessed with interscanner coefficient of variation (CoV) and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.
Results
The bCV at test–retest scans was 9–12% for T1, 7–17% for T2, wCV was <4% for T1, and <7% for T2. For two visits in same menstrual cycle, bCV was 10–15% for T1, 13–17% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1 and <5% for T2. For two visits in the same menstrual phase, bCV was 6–14% for T1, 15–18% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1, and <9% for T2. For test–retest scans, CR for T1 and T2 were 130 msec and 11 msec. For two visit scans, CR was <290 msec for T1 and 10–14 msec for T2. Interscanner CoV was 3.3–3.6% for T1 and 5.1–6.6% for T2, with no differences between interscanner measurements (P = 1.00 for T1, P = 0.344 for T2).
Data Conclusion
3D breast MRF measurements are repeatable across scan timings and scanners and may be useful in clinical applications in breast imaging.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1133–1143.
“…Examples of applications of MRF to different parts of the body, including (a) abdomen maps from a patient with lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver using a 2D MRF scan, (b) cardiac multislice maps from a normal volunteer using a simultaneous multislice scan, and (c) breast maps from a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma in left breast using a 3D MRF scan . Units for all T 1 , T 2 maps are shown in msec.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Units for all T 1 , T 2 maps are shown in msec. Figures of abdomen and breast T 1 , T 2 maps are reprinted with permission, with new color maps applied, from Chen et al …”
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a general framework to quantify multiple MR‐sensitive tissue properties with a single acquisition. There have been numerous advances in MRF in the years since its inception. In this work we highlight some of the recent technical developments in MRF, focusing on sequence optimization, modifications for reconstruction and pattern matching, new methods for partial volume analysis, and applications of machine and deep learning.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:993–1007.
Three-dimensional (3D) Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) permits wholebrain volumetric quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation values, potentially replacing conventional T1-weighted structural imaging for common brain imaging analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of 3D MRF in evaluating brain cortical thickness and subcortical volumetric analysis in healthy volunteers using conventional 3D T1-weighted images as a reference standard. Scanrescan tests of both 3D MRF and conventional 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (FSPGR) were performed. For each sequence, the regional cortical thickness and volume of the subcortical structures were measured using standard automatic brain segmentation software. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed using the within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and mean percent difference and ICC, respectively. The wCV and ICC of cortical thickness were similar across all regions with both 3D MRF and FSPGR. The percent relative difference in cortical thickness between 3D MRF and FSPGR across all regions was 8.0 ± 3.2%. The wCV and ICC of the volume of subcortical structures across all structures were similar between 3D MRF and FSPGR. The percent relative difference in the volume of subcortical structures between 3D MRF and FSPGR across all structures was 7.1 ± 3.6%. 3D MRF measurements of human brain cortical thickness and subcortical volumes are highly repeatable, and consistent with measurements taken on conventional 3D T1-weighted images. A slight, consistent bias was evident between the two, and thus careful attention is required when combining data from MRF and conventional acquisitions.
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