Three-dimensional printing of tactile sensors for soft robotics

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become an important fabrication method for soft robotics, due to its ability to make complex 3D structures from computer designs in simple steps and multimaterial co-deposition ability. In this article, the application of 3D printing techniques in the fabrication of four types of tactile sensors commonly used in soft robotics, including the piezoresistive tactile sensor, capacitive tactile sensor, piezoelectric tactile sensor, and triboelectric tactile sensor, will be discussed. The 3D printing mechanism, material, and structure for each type of sensor will be introduced, and the perspectives on the future potential of 3D printable tactile sensors will be discussed.

Emerging Field of Soft Tactile Sensors in 4D Printing Stimulus with Smart Material Nitinol Using Piezo Resistive Technique

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Soft self-healing resistive-based sensors inspired by sensory transduction in biological systems

“…This can be combined with hydrogel-based SSHS to monitor the deformation of the actuator [272,273]. The electrical resistive sensors can be directly integrated inside the actuator by additive manufacturing techniques instead of casting or lamination process [98,274]. SSHCS for pH can be used for the development of electronic tongues to detect acidic and alkaline substances in their surroundings [275].…”

An Atlas for the Inkjet Printing of Large-Area Tactile Sensors

“…The applications of soft robots is gaining a growing relevance, as they are flexible and adaptable to operate in complex environments. Tactile sensors are one of the most important components for soft robotics for their role in the perception of the physical interaction with the environment [ 186 ].…”