Three-Dimensional Printing: Rapid Tooling and Prototypes Directly from a CAD Model

Sachs, Emanuel M.; Cima, Michael J.; Cornie, J. A.

doi:10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61035-x

Cited by 701 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[77] Today, an increasing interest in 3DP can be recognized. According to Wohlers' report, in 2007, 68% of all installed additive technologies were 3DP.…”

Section: Selective Mask Sintering (Sms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Processing of Polymers

Wendel

Rietzel

Kühnlein

et al. 2008

Macro Materials & Eng

281

203

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Additive processing technologies are rapidly growing in all fields of application. A large number of scientific publications were investigated in order to provide a comprehensive overview of rapid prototyping methods for polymers and their applications, of currently available materials and research concerning additive processes. The current problems of additive processes are described, together with their potential solutions. Furthermore, this article delivers an insight into possible future trends of additive technologies.

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“…[77] Today, an increasing interest in 3DP can be recognized. According to Wohlers' report, in 2007, 68% of all installed additive technologies were 3DP.…”

Section: Selective Mask Sintering (Sms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Processing of Polymers

Wendel

Rietzel

Kühnlein

et al. 2008

Macro Materials & Eng

281

203

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“…[6][7][8] Three-dimensional printing creates parts using a layered printing process. The information for each layer is obtained by applying a slicing algorithm to the computer model of the part.…”

Section: Current Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of cast orthopedic implants with freeform surface textures from 3-D printed ceramic shell

Curodeau

Sachs

Caldarise

2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

149

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Three-dimensional printing is a solid freeform fabrication process, which creates parts directly from a computer model. The parts are built by repetitively spreading a layer of powder and selectively joining the powder in the layer by ink-jet printing of a binder material. 3D printing was applied to the fabrication of sub-millimeter surface textures with overhang and undercut geometries for use in orthopedic prostheses as bony ingrowth structures. 3D printing is used to fabricate ceramic molds of alumina powder and silica binder, and these molds are used to cast the bony ingrowth surfaces of Co-Cr (ASTM F75) alloy. Minimum positive feature sizes of the ceramic mold and, therefore, minimum negative feature sizes of castings were determined to be approximately 200 x 200 x 175 microm and were limited by the strength of ceramic needed to withstand handling. Minimum negative feature sizes in the ceramic mold and, therefore, minimum positive features in the casting were found to be approximately 350 x 350 x 175 microm and were determined by limitations on removal of powder from the ceramic and the pressure required to fill these small features with molten metal during casting. Textures were designed with 5 layers of distinct geometric definition, allowing for the design of overhung geometry with overall porosity ranging from 30-70%. Features as small as 350 x 350 x 200 microm were included in these designs and successfully cast.

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“…[117] At the present state of the art of chalcopyrite PV processing, where a high temperature step must be implemented before junction formation and parallel lines are used for monolithic series interconnection, either zero or one-dimensional printing (therefore virtually any printing or coating technique) can be employed.…”

Section: Direct Liquid-coating Techniques Suitable For Large-area Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the most widely used liquid deposition techniques and their principal characteristics are (as summarized in Table 2): [62,112,113,117] ·Spin coating consists of flooding the substrate surface with solution and spinning off the excess, resulting in a uniform layer. Despite the fact that this technique is not applicable for in-line production and ink utilization is generally low, spin coating is one of the most important research techniques for liquid deposition.…”

Section: Direct Liquid-coating Techniques Suitable For Large-area Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

Todorov¹,

Mitzi²

2009

Eur J Inorg Chem

223

160

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Liquid deposition approaches for chalcopyrite films used in thin-film photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Most of the targeted materials are based on Cu-In or Cu-In-Ga sulfides and selenides (i.e., CIS or CIGS, respectively), although recently related alternative materials based on abundant and nontoxic elements such as the kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 have been actively investigated. By direct liquid coating we refer collectively to a variety of techniques characterized by distributing a liquid or a paste to the surface of a substrate, followed by necessary thermal/chemical treatments to achieve the desired phase. The deposition media used are solutions or particle (usually submicrometer size) suspensions of metal oxide, organic and inorganic compounds, including metal chalcogenide species. The deposition techniques used are mainly printing and spin-coating, although any standard process such as

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Three-Dimensional Printing: Rapid Tooling and Prototypes Directly from a CAD Model

Cited by 701 publications

References 2 publications

Additive Processing of Polymers

Additive Processing of Polymers

Design and fabrication of cast orthopedic implants with freeform surface textures from 3-D printed ceramic shell

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

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