Three‐dimensional quantitative analysis of healthy foot shape: a proof of concept study

Stanković, Kristina; Booth, Brian G.; Danckaers, Femke; Burg, Fien; Vermaelen, Philippe; Duerinck, Saartje; Sijbers, Jan; Huysmans, Toon

doi:10.1186/s13047-018-0251-8

Cited by 45 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, looking into the use of other methodologies that allow studying in greater depth the morphological milestones in 2 and 3 dimensions, such as geometric morphometry. This issue was already approached as a descriptive (Domjanic et al, 2013) and correlational study (Stankovic´ et al, 2018), and it would be interesting to continue along that line. RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue relacionar el rendimiento en salto vertical con variables morfológicas del pie y estatura.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Foot Morphology to Performance in Three Vertical Jumping Tasks

et al. 2020

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SÁNCHEZ-RAMÍREZ, C.; AGUADO, X.; HORMAZÁBAL-AGUAYO, I.; ALARCÓN, E. The relation of foot morphology to performance in three vertical jumping tasks. Int. J. Morphol., 38(3):545-551, 2020. SUMMARY:The objective of this research is to relate the performance in three vertical jump events with morphological variables of the foot and stature. A total of 177 practitioners of 12 sporting events aged 24.5 ±8.0 years, with 71.01 ±13.00 kg of body mass, 1.71±0.09 m height, and BMI of 24.29±3.24 kg·m -2 were evaluated with an anthropometer in terms of foot length (FL), forefoot width (FW), navicular height (NH), and hindfoot width (HW). These variables were normalized to the height of the subjects. From the footprint record the arch index (AI) was obtained, which indicates the morphology of the medial longitudinal foot arch (MLFA). Performance was evaluated in three vertical jump events: countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and drop jump (DJ), recording the height reached. FL, FW and HW show a weak positive correlation (r<0.4; p<0.05) with the heights achieved in the three types of jump. The stature is strongly associated with FL, FW and HW (r=0.8; r=0.7 and r=0.6; respectively; p<0.05) and with the height in CMJ, SJ, and DJ (r=0.37; r=0.41 and r=0.32, respectively, p<0.05). The only normalized morphological foot variable that maintained consistency in the correlations analysis was the normalized foot length (NFL) with CMJ (r = 0.2, p<0,05). The subjects whose left foot length was equivalent to 14 % of the stature jumped 27.94 ±6.63 cm, those with 15 % jumped 30.96 ±7.4 cm, and those with 16 % jumped 31.03 ±7.8 cm. FL, FW, HW, and stature are moderately correlated with performance in vertical jump events. However, after discarding the stature of the subjects, only the foot length maintained its relation with performance in CMJ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Foot Morphology to Performance in Three Vertical Jumping Tasks

et al. 2020

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“…The research for obtaining the contour of the sole by varying the contact area of the foot using 3D scanners is a novelty. By using a 3D foot scanner [22,23,27], it is easier to obtain a form of a shoe insole mold (foot impression cast) than previously, which involved placing the sole of a foot on a gypsum mold for any different bearing conditions [18,19]. The procedure that is described in Figure 3a can be applied to determine any foot impression cast shape of the shoe insole area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output can be in the form of the 3D plantar the of foot in difference of colors as presented in Figure 2a, where the red color indicates where the foot has the largest convex (largest z-coordinates), the 3D foam negative impression to make a negative cast of the foot as shown in Figure 2b, and the 3D positive model of the footprint in the form of a foam impression as shown in Figure 2c [27]. This technique has been used previously by Telfer et al [22] and Stankovic et al [23]. The difference between the technique proposed in this paper and the above-mentioned published papers is in the variation of the shape of the foot that was evaluated.…”

Section: Determining the Contour Of The Shoe Insolementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Tsung et al [18] made the positive cast with full-weight-bearing and semi-weight-bearing by directly printing the plantar foot on the casting board placed on top of the electronic balance. Another method to obtain the patient's foot plantar surface is to use 3D scanning, which is the latest technology that has been widely used by many researchers [22,23]. This study aims to determine the effect of contouring of an in-shoe foot orthosis on heel pressure while standing, and its relationship to the pain in the heel area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of contouring the shoe insole on calcaneal pressure and heel pain in calcaneal spur patients. Calcaneal pressure was measured using three force sensors from 13 patients including three males and 10 females. These patients have plantar heel pain due to calcaneal spurs, and we examined five customized contour insole foot areas (0–100%). Sensors were attached at the central heel (CH), lateral heel (LH) and medial heel (MH) of the foot. The pain was measured using an algometer and evaluated by the pain minimum compressive pressure (PMCP). In this study, it was observed that the calcaneal pressure decreased with increasing insole foot area. In addition, increasing the insole foot area from 25% to 50% can reduce the calcaneal pressure approximately 17.4% at the LH and 30.9% at the MH, which are smaller than the PMCP, while at the MH, pressure reduced 6.9%, which is greater than the PMCP. Therefore, to reduce pain, one can use 50% insole foot area, even though at MH it is still 19.3% greater than the PMCP. Excellent pain relief was observed when using 100% insole foot area, as the pressures in those three areas are lower than the PMCPs, but it is not recommended because it requires large production costs.

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“…There are mainly two methods for assessing the skeletal features of the foot region: laser 3D surface scanners and X-ray. Laser 3D surface scanners are expensive but they are often used to create custom-made shoes that are perfectly matched to the shape of the foot [11,12]. They have been used to assess aspects of foot shape such as length and circumference, but no prior study has examined their use for analyzing the skeletal features of the foot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of foot skeletal structure by 3D foot scanner on smartphone

Yamashita

Sato

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The influence of foot skeletal structure on hallux valgus (HV) is poorly understood, so its detailed understanding at an early stage is required for prevention. In this study, a system using a 3D foot scanner on smartphone was developed for the purpose of clarifying relationships between skeletal features and the degree of HV risk. Methods: This system analyzes the foot skeletal structure by sending 2D video images recorded on smartphone to a computer or cloud server, where the 3D foot skeleton model is constructed by the 2D images. This system was developed to identify 10 skeletal features that are expected to be associated with hallux valgus. The participants comprised 419 individuals (40–89 years), and they maintained a standing pose with their toes 12 cm apart and heels 8 cm apart during the video recording. The height and weight were additionally measured to calculate BMI.Results: The study results showed that age-based variations in the foot skeletal features were observed slightly for men whereas distinctively for women. It was observed for women that the great toe-first metatarsal head-heel (GFH) angle increases with age, so it suggests that the increase of the GFH angle characterizes the development of HV. The multiple regression analysis reveals that the features determining the GFH angle are the second toe-heel-navicular angle and the axis of the bone distance among the skeletal features related to the midfoot, and the transverse arch length and height among those related to the forefoot. Their adjusted coefficients of determination were 0.52 and 0.48 for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: Using a 3D foot scanner on smartphone, we developed a simple method to access the skeletal structure of the foot related to HV risk. Trial registration: University hospital Medical Information Network- Clinical Trials (UMIN-CTR) with the number: UMIN 000037694. Registration date: 20/08/2019.

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Three‐dimensional quantitative analysis of healthy foot shape: a proof of concept study

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

The Relation of Foot Morphology to Performance in Three Vertical Jumping Tasks

The Relation of Foot Morphology to Performance in Three Vertical Jumping Tasks

Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

Analysis of foot skeletal structure by 3D foot scanner on smartphone

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