Three dimensional quantitative study of soft tissue changes in nasolabial folds after orthodontic treatment in female adults

Abstract

Background With the popularity of medical aesthetic programs, some female adults who will or are undergoing orthodontic treatment often wonder whether orthodontic treatment has adverse effects on the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The aims of the study were to investigate any potential changes in the NLFs and associated peripheral soft tissues after orthodontic treatment of female adults. Methods This study compared changes in the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues in female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment using the 3dMD Face system (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga). A total of 52 adult female patient cases (24 teeth extraction, 28 non-teeth extraction) were included to evaluate the effects of different orthodontic treatment regimens on the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues. Results In the NLFs area, the landmarks of the extraction group were all significantly negatively changed (P < 0.001; the NLF2s average value was − 0.72 mm), and the upper and middle parts of the landmarks were negatively changed in the non-extraction group (P < 0.05; the NLF2s average value was − 0.22 mm). Compared to the non-extraction group, the negative changes in the extraction group were more pronounced (P < 0.005). In the lip region, all landmarks in the extraction group were negative changes (P < 0.05; upper lip (ULP) = − 0.93 mm, lower lip (LLP) = − 1.46 mm), and most landmarks in the non-extraction group were positive changes (P < 0.01; ULP = 0.55 mm). In the cheek area, the left and right buccal of the extraction and non-extraction groups were all negatively changed (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion After orthodontic treatment, the NLFs showed negative changes, which were more obvious in the extraction group. The lip soft tissue had a negative change in the extraction group and a positive change in the non-extraction group, indicating that orthodontic treatment affected the soft tissue around the nasolabial sulcus, and that tooth extraction would lead to more negative changes.

Using the Novel “3D-Ortho” Concept to Achieve a Beautiful Asian Face

“…However, as the facial features of Asians include protruding lips and an underdeveloped chin and tip of the nose, extraction of teeth is often necessary when considering lateral facial aesthetics based on E-line. Extraction orthodontics tends to cause increased buccal corridor, increased nasolabial folds [ 11 ], concavity of the buccal area, and increased lower facial height [ 12 ]. When MSE appliances are used to enlarge the jawbone and gain space, the arch form is not narrowed as in extraction orthodontics, but it is difficult to significantly improve the protrusion of the mouth.…”

Photographic Parameters in Three-Dimensional Facial Image Acquisition. A Scoping Review

“…Despite the considerable quantity of image acquisition systems presently employed for 3D photography, research use for this type of imaging is limited to a handful of devices, of which 2 are the most extensively utilized. First, we found that the most used system was the 3dMD, 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] which consists of 2 groups of 3 cameras, each located at 45 degrees to the right and left side target, and was used by 52% of the authors, followed by the Vectra M3, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] which consists of a device composed of 3 groups of 2 cameras each and was used by 28% of the authors. In contrast, some other systems were used by some authors.…”

“…In contrast, most of the authors used chairs with high backs to improve back support, reducing variations due to mobility or changes in body posture. [12][13][14][15][16]18,19,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]36,37,41 Head Posture Riml et al (2011) 42 showed the influence of head position on facial analysis, noting that different postures yield different results in measurements on facial photographs. In this study, most authors describe the positioning of the head for image acquisition as: "natural head position," (NHP) noting that this is a reproducible and proven position, described as "the head positioned in a relaxed manner while the person observes a fixed point on the horizon."…”

“…All authors who described the tooth position in this study agree with using the maximum intercuspation (MIC) position as the reference tooth position for acquiring the 3D image. 12,15,27,29,31 However, the tooth position in resting conditions is the mandibular postural position, with teeth not in contact with each other. Li et al (2021) 47 showed the differences in the facial analysis performed in individuals with contact in centric relation and in mandibular postural relation, observing differences in the facial measurements of the same individual.…”

Digital Human: Three-dimentional face model reconstruction based on Hifi3dface model with clinical two-dimentional photos

“…With the development of orthodontics, orthodontists and patients not only pay attention to the attractiveness of the teeth and the occlusion, but also increasingly focus on the soft tissue changes of the face [1]. In order to accurately evaluate the change of soft tissue during the orthodontic treatment, more and more orthodontists are using the model obtained by 3D facial scan for research [2,3]. However, in the past few decades, two-dimensional(2D) photos were utilized to record the facial condition of patients.…”