Three-dimensional Retinal Imaging with High-Speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Wojtkowski, Maciej; Srinivasan, Vivek J.; Fujimoto, James G.; Ko, Tony H.; Schuman, Joel S.; Kowalczyk, Andrzej; Duker, Jay S.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.023

Cited by 592 publications

(402 citation statements)

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“…Broad-bandwidth superluminescent diode light sources, similar to the one used in this study, recently have been shown to enable UHR OCT image resolution performance approaching that of femtosecond lasers. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Our research prototype high-speed UHR OCT system has been described in detail in previous publications. [29][30][31][32][33] This system can acquire up to 25 000 axial scans per second, corresponding to ~49 images (512 axial scans per image) per second.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also is possible to acquire 3-dimensional OCT data that achieve comprehensive retinal coverage and enable individual OCT images to be registered precisely to fundus features. 33 The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of these recent developments to improve the visualization of retinal pathology relative to standard clinical examination and standardresolution StratusOCT. The research prototype OCT instrument developed by our group combines UHR OCT with high-speed detection techniques.…”

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High-Definition and 3-dimensional Imaging of Macular Pathologies with High-speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

et al. 2006

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Objective-To assess high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) image resolution, acquisition speed, image quality, and retinal coverage for the visualization of macular pathologies. Design-Retrospective cross-sectional study.Participants-Five hundred eighty-eight eyes of 327 patients with various macular pathologies.Methods-High-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT images were obtained in 588 eyes of 327 patients with selected macular diseases. Ultrahigh-resolution OCT using Fourier/spectral domain detection achieves ~3-μm axial image resolutions, acquisition speeds of ~25 000 axial scans per second, and >3 times finer resolution and >50 times higher speed than standard OCT. Three scan protocols were investigated. The first acquires a small number of high-definition images through the fovea. The second acquires a raster series of high-transverse pixel density images. The third acquires 3-dimensional OCT data using a dense raster pattern. Three-dimensional OCT can generate OCT fundus images that enable precise registration of OCT images with the fundus. Using the OCT fundus images, OCT results were correlated with standard ophthalmoscopic examination techniques. Main Outcome Measures-High-definition macular pathologies.Results-Macular holes, age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membranes, diabetic retinopathy, retinal dystrophies, central serous chorioretinopathy, and other pathologies were imaged and correlated with ophthalmic examination, standard OCT, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography, where applicable. High-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT generates images of retinal pathologies with improved quality, more comprehensive retinal coverage, and more precise registration than standard OCT. The speed preserves retinal topography, thus enabling the visualization of subtle changes associated with disease. High-definition high-transverse pixel density Conclusions-High-definition 3-dimensional imaging using high-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT improves image quality, retinal coverage, and registration. This new technology has the potential to become a useful tool for elucidating disease pathogenesis and improving disease diagnosis and management.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technology that can perform highresolution cross-sectional imaging of tissue morphology in situ and in real time. Optical coherence tomography imaging is analogous to ultrasound, except that it uses light rather than sound and measures the echo time delay and magnitude of reflected or backscattered light using low-coherence interferometry. Cross-sectional images are generated by directing an optical beam onto tissue and scanning it in the transverse direction, thus yielding a data set that can be displayed as false-color or grayscale images. Despite the successful clinical application of OCT technology, there are several limitations. Without using techniques such as eye tracking, the total permissible image acquisition time is limited by subject eye motion, which can cause imag...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Definition and 3-dimensional Imaging of Macular Pathologies with High-speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

et al. 2006

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“…7 Recently introduced spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) measures the interferometric signal detected as a function of optical frequencies, allowing for imaging speeds 50 times faster than TD-OCT, and providing a greater number of images per unit area. [8][9][10][11][12] This increase in resolution and scanning speed allows highdensity raster scanning of retinal tissue while minimizing eye motion artefacts. A better repeatability of measurement compared with Stratus OCT has been reported for spectral domain OCT in healthy eyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of time domain Stratus OCT and spectral domain SLO/OCT for assessment of macular thickness and volume

Forte

Cennamo

Finelli

et al. 2008

Eye

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“…A dense raster pattern with multiple consecutive B scan at high speed allow for comprehensive retinal coverage. It is possible to acquire complete three-dimensional (3D) data in a time comparable to that of standard OCT protocols that acquire several individual images (Wojtkowski et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is helpful for detecting structural changes in retinal diseases or future clinical application, such as planning ERM surgery (Wojtkowski et al, 2005). Rendering also enables different parts of the retina to be made transparent or moved virtually, providing additional morphologic information (Keane and Sadda, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional characterization of epiretinal membrane using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Elbendary

2010

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To describe epiretinal membrane (ERM) features using spectral domain optical coherence tomography ''SD OCT'' and to delineate the three-dimensional (3D) relationship in eyes with epiretinal membrane.Methods: Fifty-two eyes of 44 patients with ERM were classified into two groups: idiopathic ERM and secondary ERM. Posterior vitreous face was evaluated. Pattern of ERM attachment was divided into: focal and global. A 3D SD OCT system (5 lm resolution) was used for scanning. Surface maps were used to study retinal topography.Results: Surface maps revealed manner and direction of epiretinal traction, pattern of attachment and blood vessel involvement. In 55.8% of eyes the membrane was globally adherent to the retina. There was a significant association (p = 0.02%) between pattern of membrane attachment and etiological classification of eyes. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was associated with both groups, but no significant difference in between.Conclusion: Spectral domain OCT allowed better characterization of ERM including: visualization, extension, cleavage plane and zones with free edges. Surface maps revealed the topography of ERM and retina pathology. Idiopathic ERM are significantly associated with global pattern. PVD plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary as well as secondary ERM.

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Three-dimensional Retinal Imaging with High-Speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Cited by 592 publications

References 40 publications

High-Definition and 3-dimensional Imaging of Macular Pathologies with High-speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

High-Definition and 3-dimensional Imaging of Macular Pathologies with High-speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Comparison of time domain Stratus OCT and spectral domain SLO/OCT for assessment of macular thickness and volume

Three-dimensional characterization of epiretinal membrane using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

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