Three-dimensional thermomechanical wave propagation analysis of sandwich nanoplate with graphene-reinforced foam core and magneto-electro-elastic face layers using nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory

Abstract

This article investigates the propagation of bending, longitudinal, and shear waves in a smart sandwich nanoplate with a graphene platelet (GPL)-reinforced foam core and magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) surface layers using sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theory (SHSDT). The suggested nanoplate is comprised of a Ti–6Al–4V foam core placed between MEE surface layers. The MEE surface layers are composed of a volumetric combination of cobalt-ferrite (CoFe2O4) and barium-titanate (BaTiO3). The foam core and MEE face layers’ material characteristics are temperature dependent. In this study, three different core types are considered: metallic solid core (Type-I), GPL-reinforced solid core (Type-II) and GPL-reinforced foam core (Type-III), as well as three different foam distributions: symmetrical foam I (S-Foam I), symmetrical foam II (S-Foam II) and uniform foam (U-Foam). To derive the nanoplate's equations of motion and determine the system response, Hamilton's principle and Navier's method are employed. The effects of various parameters such as the wave number, nonlocal parameter, foam void coefficient and distribution pattern, GPL volume fraction, and thermal, electric, and magnetic charges, on the phase velocity and wave frequency are investigated via analytical calculations. The findings of the research indicate that the 3-D wave propagation characteristics of the sandwich nanoplate can be considerably modified or tuned with respect to external loads and material parameters. Thus, the proposed sandwich structure is expected to provide important contributions to radar stealth applications, protection of nanoelectromechanical devices from high frequency and temperature environments, advancement of smart nanoelectromechanical sensors characterized by lightweight and temperature sensitivity and wearable health equipment applications.