Threonine deaminase MoIlv1 is important for conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Du, Yuguang; Li, Hong; Tang, Wei; Li, Lianwei; Wang, Xiaoli; Ma, Hongyu; Wang, Zhengyi; Zhang, Haifeng; Zheng, Xiaobo

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.001

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Infectious growth was observed at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). After incubation with the spore suspensions for 24 h, four types (type 1, no penetration; type 2, only with a penetration peg or a single invasive hypha length shorter than 10 μm with no branch; type 3, invasive hyphae length was about 10–20 μm with 1–3 branches; type 4, invasive hyphae length was longer than 20 μm and/or with more than 3 branches) of invasive hyphae were observed in barley tissues [40]. (D) Statistical analysis for each type of infectious hyphal shape, for each tested strain; 100 infecting hyphae (n = 100) were counted per replicate and the experiment was repeated three times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoCAP proteins regulated by MoArk1-mediated phosphorylation coordinate endocytosis and actin dynamics to govern development and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

PLoS Genet

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Actin organization is a conserved cellular process that regulates the growth and development of eukaryotic cells. It also governs the virulence process of pathogenic fungi, such as the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, with mechanisms not yet fully understood. In a previous study, we found that actin-regulating kinase MoArk1 displays conserved functions important in endocytosis and actin organization, and MoArk1 is required for maintaining the growth and full virulence of M. oryzae. To understand how MoArk1 might function, we identified capping protein homologs from M. oryzae (MoCAP) that interact with MoArk1 in vivo. MoCAP is heterodimer consisting of α and β subunits MoCapA and MoCapB. Single and double deletions of MoCAP subunits resulted in abnormal mycelial growth and conidia formation. The ΔMocap mutants also exhibited reduced appressorium penetration and invasive hyphal growth within host cells. Furthermore, the ΔMocap mutants exhibited delayed endocytosis and abnormal cytoskeleton assembly. Consistent with above findings, MoCAP proteins interacted with MoAct1, co-localized with actin during mycelial development, and participated in appressorial actin ring formation. Further analysis revealed that the S85 residue of MoCapA and the S285 residue of MoCapB were subject to phosphorylation by MoArk1 that negatively regulates MoCAP functions. Finally, the addition of exogenous phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) failed to modulate actin ring formation in ΔMocap mutants, in contrast to the wild-type strain, suggesting that MoCAP may also mediate phospholipid signaling in the regulation of the actin organization. These results together demonstrate that MoCAP proteins whose functions are regulated by MoArk1 and PIP2 are important for endocytosis and actin dynamics that are directly linked to growth, conidiation and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoCAP proteins regulated by MoArk1-mediated phosphorylation coordinate endocytosis and actin dynamics to govern development and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

PLoS Genet

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“…The Moarg1, Moarg5,6, and Moarg7 mutants were able to penetrate plant leaf cuticles, but the penetration rate and invasive growth were obviously reduced compared with the wild type, which just like Momet13 and Molys2 mutants of M. oryzae (Yan et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014). However, studies in str3 (methionine auxotrophy) and Moilv1 (isoleucine auxotrophy) showed that there was no statistical difference in penetration rate between mutants and wild type, but the growth of invasive hyphae was restricted in host cells (Wilson et al, 2012;Du et al, 2014). Taken together, we can conclude that limited appressorium-mediated penetration and restricted invasive hyphae growth in host cells are responsible for the attenuated pathogenicity of auxotrophic mutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In M. oryzae, two REMI transformants pth3 and met1 have been identified, which exhibit histidine auxotrophy and methionine auxotrophy, respectively (Sweigard et al, 1998;Balhadère et al, 1999). Recently, the functions of several synthetic enzyme genes involved in methionine (MET12, MET13 and STR3), leucineisoleucine-valine (ILV1, ILV2 and ILV6), lysine (LYS2), and purine (ADE1) biosynthesis were investigated in M. oryzae (Yan et al, 2013;Wilson et al, 2012;Du et al, 2013Du et al, , 2014Chen et al, 2014;Fernandez et al, 2013). A link between auxotrophy and the loss of, or a reduction in pathogenicity was found in most of these cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoARG1, MoARG5,6 and MoARG7 involved in arginine biosynthesis are essential for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

Yong

Shi

Liang

et al. 2015

Microbiological Research

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Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in eukaryote cells, which plays important roles in a multitude of processes such as protein synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) and urea biosynthesis. The de novo arginine biosynthesis pathway is conserved among fungal kingdom, but poorly understood in plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we characterized the functions of three synthetic enzyme-encoding genes MoARG1, MoARG5,6, and MoARG7, which involved the seventh step, second-third step and fifth step of arginine biosynthesis in Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Deletion of MoARG1 or MoARG5,6, resulted in arginine auxotrophic mutants, which had a strict requirement for arginine on minimal medium (MM). Both ΔMoarg1 and ΔMoarg5,6 severely reduced in aerial hyphal growth, pigmentation, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction and pathogenicity. Interestingly, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of MoARG7 caused a leaky arginine auxotrophy, and attenuated pathogenicity. Limited appressorium-mediated penetration and restricted invasive hyphae growth in host cells are responsible for the severely attenuated pathogenicity of the Arg(-) mutants. Additionally, we monitored the NO generation during conidial germination and appressorial formation in both Arg(-) mutants and wild type, and demonstrated that NO generation may not occur via arginine-dependent pathway in M. oryzae. In summary, MoARG1, MoARG5,6, and MoARG7 are required for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.

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“…Recent reports in the rice blast fungus M . oryzae have revealed crucial roles of several BCAA biosynthetic genes in fungal development and full virulence in filamentous fungi [14,18]. We recently identified several Val and Ile biosynthetic genes with distinct but crucial roles in mycelial and conidial morphogenesis, plant infection, and DON biosynthesis in the important wheat head scab fungus F .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two FgLEU2 Genes with Different Roles in Leucine Biosynthesis and Infection-Related Morphogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

et al. 2016

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3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMD) encoded by LEU2 is a key enzyme in leucine (Leu) biosynthetic pathway. Analysis of the genome sequence of Fusarium graminearum revealed two paralogous LEU2 genes (designated as FgLEU2A and FgLEU2B) in this fungus and the deduced amino acid sequences of FgLeu2A and FgLeu2B share 45% identity. Targeted disruption of individual FgLEU2A/B gene in F. graminearum assigned a more crucial role of FgLeu2A in Leu biosynthesis as disruption of FgLEU2A resulted in mutant (ΔFgLeu2A-10) that was Leu-auxotrophic and could not grow in minimal medium limited for amino acids, whereas FgLEU2B deletion mutant ΔFgLeu2B-2 was morphologically indistinguishable from the wild type strain PH-1. The growth defects of ΔFgLeu2A-10 could be overcome by exogenous addition of Leu at 0.25 mM. Double deletion of FgLEU2A and FgLEU2B (ΔFgLeu2AB-8) caused a more severe Leu-auxotrophic phenotype as the concentration of Leu exogenously added to medium to rescue the growth defect of ΔFgLeu2AB-8 should be raised to 1.25 mM, indicating a less important but nonnegligible role of FgLeu2B in Leu biosynthesis. Disturb of Leu biosynthesis caused by FgLEU2A deletion leads to slower growth rate, reduced aerial hyphal formation and red pigmentation on PDA plates and completely blocked conidial production and germination. All of the defects above could be overcome by Leu addition or complementation of the full-length FgLEU2A gene. ΔFgLeu2A-10 also showed significantly increased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses. Pathogenicity assay results showed that virulence of mutants lacking FgLEU2A were dramatically impaired on wheat heads and non-host cherry tomatoes. Additionally, a low level of deoxynivalenol (DON) production of ΔFgLeu2A-10 and ΔFgLeu2AB-8 in wheat kernels was also detected. Taken together, results of this study indicated a crucial role of FgLeu2A and a less important role of FgLeu2B in Leu biosynthesis and fungal infection-related morphogenesis in F. graminearum and FgLeu2A may serve as a potential target for novel antifungal development.

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Threonine deaminase MoIlv1 is important for conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

MoCAP proteins regulated by MoArk1-mediated phosphorylation coordinate endocytosis and actin dynamics to govern development and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

MoCAP proteins regulated by MoArk1-mediated phosphorylation coordinate endocytosis and actin dynamics to govern development and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

MoARG1, MoARG5,6 and MoARG7 involved in arginine biosynthesis are essential for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

Two FgLEU2 Genes with Different Roles in Leucine Biosynthesis and Infection-Related Morphogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

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