Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Buerger’s disease in the northeast of Iran: Epidemiology and clinical features

“…An abnormal Allan’s test in a young smoker, who is suspicious to TAO should be considered as upper extremity involvement. 1 The essential basis of various criteria for diagnosis of TAO is based on involvement of medium- and small-size vessels in a young smoker in the absence of atherosclerosis and connective tissue disorders. 11–13 Although there is no evidence to show that TAO cannot coexist with diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, TAO diagnosis should be doubted in their presence.…”

“…It occurs in young people from low social status, who either smoke themselves or are exposed to the tobacco smoke passively. 1…”

“…Symptoms of the disease are migratory thrombophlebitis, change of skin color to purple, Raynaud’s phenomenon, ischemic ulcers, rest pain, claudication, pulse changes in medium- and small-size arteries, malformed nails, and coldness of extremities, which ultimately result in gangrene and amputation. 1…”