Thrombocytosis as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives: To describe long‐term food availability and prices from 1961 to 2007 and body mass index (BMI) trends from 1980 to 2010 in Samoa, and to contextualize these trends within political, economic, cultural, behavioral, and climatic influences. Methods: National level data on food availability and pricing were obtained from the open access database FAO (http://faostat.fao.org). Data for Samoa were collected from annual food balance sheets available for the period 1961–2007. Mean BMI for Samoan men and women aged 35–44 years of age is reported from four different time periods, 1979–1982, 1991, 2003, and 2010. Results: Total energy availability increased substantially, by 47%, with more than 900 extra calories available per capita per day in 2007 than in 1961. Many of these extra calories are supplied by dietary fat, the availability of which rose by a proportionally greater amount, 73%. Availability of both meat and vegetable oils rose substantially. Poultry meat increased the most proportionally, from 10 to 117 kcal per capita per day. Coconut products, fruits, and starchy root crops—all locally grown—showed little to no increase over this time. As import prices for poultry and mutton increased their availability decreased, but the availability of vegetable oils rose despite a rise in their price. Mean BMI for men and women aged 35–44 years rose 18% rise from 1980 to 2010. Conclusions: These long‐term trends in food availability and prices, and the temporal pattern of BMI provide national level data for understanding the process of the nutritional transition in Samoa. Further work on consumer food prices, diet, food security, and health is needed to further contextualize the transformation of the local food system in Samoa. Samoa. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Preoperative Platelet Count and Survival Prognosis in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

“…Brown, et al [24] reported the same relation, and so have other reports on gastric, endometrial, cervical, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma [11,14,19,30]. However, in our cohort, neither high WBC nor low hemoglobin counts were associated with poor survival.…”

“…Platelets play an important role in angiogenesis and proteolysis of the basal membrane, and both situations are present in the process of tumor growth and metastatic spread [7]. Some studies have found that thrombocytosis is associated with poor survival in renal [8][9][10][11][12][13], gynecologic [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and lung tumors [22,23]. Thrombocytosis has also been evaluated in pancreatic carcinoma, but the number of patients studied is small and the results are conflicting [24][25][26].…”

Anticoagulation inhibits tumor cell–mediated release of platelet angiogenic proteins and diminishes platelet angiogenic response

“…1 Platelet count can be a prognostic factor in cancer, patients presenting with thrombocytosis having a poor survival in a variety of cancers including breast cancer. [2][3][4][5] Conversely, the presence of thrombocytopenia is associated with a survival benefit and decreased metastasis. [6][7][8][9] For tumors to grow beyond 1 to 2 mm 3 , they must establish their own blood supply through angiogenesis, and there is substantial evidence that angiogenesis is regulated by platelets.…”

Prognostic Factors Associated with the Response to Sunitinib in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…Karnofsky ps, anemia, ldh elevation, and hypercalcemia are factors that have previously been reported in the mskcc criteria and that might reflect any or all of increased tumour burden, aggressive tumour biology, or paraneoplastic processes 8,19,20 . Furthermore, neutrophilia and thrombocytosis might be markers of inflammation related to the overproduction of cytokines resulting from increased tumour burden or aggressive tumour biology 21,22 . However, our study did not reveal any association between those variables and survival.…”