Thrombosis associated with internal jugular vein cannulation in diabetics and hypertensives: a prospective observational study

Abstract

Background: Thromboembolism is one of the major complications associated with central venous catheters (CVC) which is sub-clinical most of the time, hence undiagnosed leading to various life-threatening complications. Studies on catheter related thrombosis (CRT) are conducted on patients with malignant conditions and seldom been done on diabetics and hypertensives who are more commonly encountered in day to day practice. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of occurrence of CRT formation in diabetics and hypertensives. Material and Methods: This prospective, observational, hospital-based study was conducted after obtaining clearance from institutional ethics committee. The study was carried out on 105 patients requiring CVC insertion as part of their treatment. They were divided into three groups, Group D, Group H and Group C each consisting of 35 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class 1 patients respectively. Right internal jugular vein (IJV) was cannulated and the occurrence of thrombus and its progression was noted using serial colour Doppler sonography on third, sixth and on the dayof catheter removal. Statistical analysis done using SPSS 22 version software. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used. P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The rate of CRT was 34.3%, 20%, 8.57% in Group D, Group H and Group C respectively. The rate of thrombus formation was statistically significant in group D compared to group C. Conclusions: CRT formation was observed in all the groups with statistically significant proportion in diabetics compared to ASA 1 patients.