Thymocytes express a mRNA that is identical to hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA

Cc, Maier; Marchetti, Bianca; Rd, LeBoeuf; Blalock, J. Edwin

doi:10.1007/bf00711545

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Maier and colleagues first reported the expression of thymic GnRH (identical to hypothalamic GnRH) in neonatal rat pups using PCRbased technology (Maier et al 1992, Maier & Blalock 1994. Expression of GnRH mRNA was subsequently demonstrated in porcine immune cells (thymus, spleen, peripheral lymphocytes) (Weesner et al 1997), in murine thymus and spleen (Jacobson et al 1998) and in a rat immature T cell line (Wilson et al 1995b).…”

Section: Expression and Binding Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity

Tanrıverdi¹,

Silveira²,

MacColl³

et al. 2003

Journal of Endocrinology

277

187

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Section: Expression and Binding Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity

Tanrıverdi¹,

Silveira²,

MacColl³

et al. 2003

Journal of Endocrinology

277

187

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show abstract

“…GnRH is produced in lymphoid organs [5, 6]. GnRH agonists induce the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor in female rats, suggesting that GnRH may be an early stimulatory cytokine [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GnRH agonist administration has been associated with increases in B and T cell proliferative responses in rats and humans [2, 3, 4]. Spleen and thymus preparations have been shown to contain mRNA for GnRH and GnRH peptide [5, 6]. Thus, GnRH resembles a cytokine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclical Expression of GnRH and GnRH Receptor mRNA in Lymphoid Organs

et al. 1998

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is known to possess dirct immunomodulatory effects. We have previously demonstrated that the administration of GnRH analogues modulates the expression of murine lupus independently of effects on gonadal steroids. We speculate that GnRH exerts direct actions at the level of the immune cells. GnRH receptors have been identified on lymphocytes. Because GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) expression varies with the estrous cycle at the levels of the hypothalamus and pituitary, we speculated that similar cyclicity might be demonstrable in lymphoid tissue. In this report, we used competitive reverse transcription PCR to quantitate the expression of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA in lymphoid organs throughout the estrous cycle in mice. We demonstrate that the pattern of expression of GnRH-R mRNA in spleen agrees closely with the pattern in the pituitaries of the same mice and the pattern previously reported in the rat pituitary, with significantly increased levels of expression seen on the afternoon of proestrus compared to the morning of metestrus. A similar pattern is seen with GnRH-R mRNA expression in the thymus. Furthermore, we show that the expression of GnRH mRNA in both thymus and spleen agrees closely with the pattern of expression of its receptor, with significantly increased levels of expression seen on the afternoon of proestrus compared to the morning of metestrus. Additional in vitro studies demonstrate that both GnRH and estradiol significantly increase the expression of GnRH-R mRNA in immune cells. These findings support an active role for GnRH in the immune system.

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“…The finding of GnRH-I mRNA and peptide expression in red drum lymphocytes appears to be consistent with GnRH-I mRNA expression in tissues of the mammalian immune system, such as lymphocytes, thymocytes, thymus, and spleen (Azad et al 1991a,b 1993, Maier et al 1992, Chen et al 1999. In addition, both GnRH-I and GnRH-II are expressed in human T cells (Chen et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Molecular cloning and differential expression of three GnRH mRNAs in discrete brain areas and lymphocytes in red drum

Mohamed¹,

Khan²

2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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Three gonadotropin releasing hormones, seabream GnRH (GnRH-I), chicken GnRH-II (GnRH-II) and salmon GnRH (GnRH-III) cDNAs were isolated from the brain of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. The GnRH cDNA sequences of red drum showed more similarity to those of Atlantic croaker, sea bass and sea bream. The real-time quantitative RT-PCR study revealed expression of GnRH-I and GnRH III mRNAs in the olfactory bulb plus telencephalon (OB+TEL), and preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (POAH), indicating an overlap of the GnRH-I and GnRH-III systems in these forebrain regions. However, GnRH-II mRNA expression was detected only in the midbrain tegmentum (MT).The GnRH-I mRNA expression in the POAH in fish undergoing gonadal recrudescence was significantly higher than that in gonadally immature individuals, suggesting involvement of the POAH GnRH-I in gonadal maturation. On the other hand, GnRH-III mRNA expression was significantly higher in the OB+TEL region compared with that in the POAH. Moreover, the demonstration of GnRH-I mRNA and peptide expression in red drum lymphocytes indicates that the GnRH-I is synthesized in these cells of the immune system similar to the situation in mammals.

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Thymocytes express a mRNA that is identical to hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity

Cyclical Expression of GnRH and GnRH Receptor mRNA in Lymphoid Organs

Molecular cloning and differential expression of three GnRH mRNAs in discrete brain areas and lymphocytes in red drum

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