Thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC 2544 cell line

Calò, Rossella; Visone, Clementina M.; Marabini, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.009

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…T. vulgaris L. extract and its major component thymol. The effect of the T. vulgaris L. extract and thymol was observed in our experimental conditions in accordance with previous in vitro studies considering a comparable dose [Undeğer et al, 2009;Calò et al, 2015]. Their protective effect should be ascribed not only to their antioxidant and scavenger properties [Meeran and Prince, 2012;Hashemipour et al, 2013] but also to the ability of polyphenols to reduce the direct UVB-induced damage as indicated in several models [Meeran et al, 2009;Afaq and Katiyar, 2011;Katiyar, 2011].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of UV Rays and Thymol/Thymus vulgaris L. Extract in an ex vivo Human Skin Model: Morphological and Genotoxicological Assessment

Cornaghi

Arnaboldi

Calò

et al. 2016

Cells Tissues Organs

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major environmental factor affecting functions of the skin. Compounds rich in polyphenols, such as Thymus vulgaris leaf extract and thymol, have been proposed for the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. We compared the acute effects induced by UVA and UVB rays on epidermal morphology and proliferation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Normal human skin explants were obtained from young healthy women (n = 7) after informed consent and cultured at the air-liquid interface overnight. After 24 h, the samples were divided in 2 groups: the former exposed to UVA (16 or 24 J/cm²) and the latter irradiated with UVB (0.24 or 0.72 J/cm²). One hour after the end of irradiation, supernatants were collected for evaluation of the lactate dehydrogenase activity. Twenty-four hours after UVB exposure, biopsies were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy analysis, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. UVB and UVA rays induced early inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA damage compared to controls. In particular, UVB rays were always more cytotoxic and genotoxic than UVA ones. For this reason, we evaluated the effect of either T. vulgaris L. extract (1.82 µg/ml) or thymol (1 µg/ml) on all samples treated for 1 h before UVB irradiation. While Thymus had a protective action for all of the endpoints evaluated, the action of the extract was less pronounced on epidermal proliferation and morphological features. The results presented in this study could be the basis for investigating the mechanism of thymol and T. vulgaris L. extract against the damage induced by UV radiation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of UV Rays and Thymol/Thymus vulgaris L. Extract in an ex vivo Human Skin Model: Morphological and Genotoxicological Assessment

Cornaghi

Arnaboldi

Calò

et al. 2016

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Many studies have also revealed the genoprotective properties of short‐time exposure to low concentrations (μM) of thymol or carvacrol. Thymol, the major component of T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs, showed the ability to protect various mammalian cells against genotoxicity induced by different agents, such as: H 2 O 2, mitomycin C and imidazolquinoline, gamma‐radiation, or UVA and UVB radiations in a dose‐dependent manner. Aydin et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils of Moldavian Thymus species: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti‐Aspergillus and antigenotoxic activities

Aprotosoaie

Ciocârlan

Brebu³

et al. 2019

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Thymus species are important aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants with a significant economic value. This study evaluated for the first time the chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities of the essential oils (EOs) from five Moldavian Thymus species (T. vulgaris, T. × citriodorus, T. calcareus) and cultivars (T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’, T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’). The main compounds in Thymus EOs were: thymol in T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs (55.44% and 55.45%, respectively), lavandulol in T. × citriodorus EO (54.27%), and geraniol in T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’ and T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’ EOs (60.31% and 31.45%, respectively). T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs showed the most potent antioxidant activities (EC50=0.003 mg/mL in ABTS radical cation scavenging assay) and exhibited significant inhibitory effects against aflatoxin‐producing Aspergillus flavus fungus (MIC=0.25 μL/mL). At doses that provided micromolar concentrations of thymol, T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs acted genoprotective at preventive and interventional levels against H2O2‐induced genomic damage in V79 cells, the former being more active (6.21% and 5.52% vs. 25.13% and 7.26% tail DNA in pre‐ and post‐treatment protocols, respectively). The genoprotective effects may be ascribed to antioxidant potential and, possibly, to stimulation of DNA repair processes. The Moldavian Thymus species are valuable resources of bioactive EOs for pharmaceutical and food industries (T. vulgaris, T.calcareus) but also for flavor industry and perfumery (T. × citriodorus, T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’, T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’).

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“…Calo et al [39] tested an extract of Thymus vulgaris (and thymol in parallel) on keratinocytes irradiated with UV(A) or UV(B); they found a decrease in SBs, though no effect on MN or γ-H2AX foci. A similar protective effect was reported by Cornaghi et al [38] in a human skin model exposed to UV(B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing

2016

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Polyphenols are a very broad group of chemicals, widely distributed in plant foods, and endowed with antioxidant activity by virtue of their numerous phenol groups. They are widely studied as putative cancer-protective agents, potentially contributing to the cancer preventive properties of fruits and vegetables. We review recent publications relating to human trials, animal experiments and cell culture, grouping them according to whether polyphenols are investigated in whole foods and drinks, in plant extracts, or as individual compounds. A variety of assays are in use to study genetic damage endpoints. Human trials, of which there are rather few, tend to show decreases in endogenous DNA damage and protection against DNA damage induced ex vivo in blood cells. Most animal experiments have investigated the effects of polyphenols (often at high doses) in combination with known DNA-damaging agents, and generally they show protection. High concentrations can themselves induce DNA damage, as demonstrated in numerous cell culture experiments; low concentrations, on the other hand, tend to decrease DNA damage.

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Thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC 2544 cell line

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of UV Rays and Thymol/<b><i>Thymus vulgaris</i></b> L. Extract in an ex vivo Human Skin Model: Morphological and Genotoxicological Assessment

Effects of UV Rays and Thymol/<b><i>Thymus vulgaris</i></b> L. Extract in an ex vivo Human Skin Model: Morphological and Genotoxicological Assessment

Essential oils of Moldavian Thymus species: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti‐Aspergillus and antigenotoxic activities

Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing

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