Thymosin β: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues

Goldstein, Allan L.; Hannappel, Ewald; Kleinman, Hynda K.

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.07.004

Cited by 241 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…T␤4 regulates the cellular actin-cytoskeleton and cellular migration by sequestering G-actin (2,3). Most mammalian cells express T␤4, and its observed actions in dermal wound and cardiac ischemia models are anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic (4). In addition, T␤4 promotes cardiomyocyte and keratinocyte migration in these models.…”

Section: Thymosin ␤4 (T␤4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin β4 Up-regulation of MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Suppression of the Toll-like Proinflammatory Pathway

Santra

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Thymosin ␤4 (T␤4) promotes differentiation of oligoprogenitor cells (OPCs) to oligodendrocytes in animal models of neurological injury. Results: T␤4 increased expression of microRNA-146a and suppressed expression of TLR (Toll-like) proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: T␤4 suppresses the TLR proinflammatory pathway by up-regulating miR-146a to promote OPC differentiation. Signficance: Learning how T␤4 promotes oligodendrogenesis supports its development for clinical studies.

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Section: Thymosin ␤4 (T␤4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin β4 Up-regulation of MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Suppression of the Toll-like Proinflammatory Pathway

Santra

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is known to be a 4.9 kDa actin-sequestering peptide that regulates cell differentiation and migration (6,7). Treatment with Tβ4 accelerates wound-healing in mouse skin and inhibits apoptosis by inducing an increase in Bcl-2 expression and reducing caspase activity (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is expressed in developing tissue, where it stimulates cell differentiation and migration. Further, Tβ4 is expressed during molar development in mice, but the expression and function of Tβ4 in odontoblasts during mammalian tooth development have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study examined the expression and function of Tβ4 in differentiating odontoblasts during tooth development. As observed by immunohistochemistry, Tβ4 was expressed in the oral epithelium and inside cells of the tooth bud on embryonic day 15 (E15). Further, on E17, Tβ4 was expressed strongly in the dental lamina and oral epithelium, but only expressed in part of the cells in the outer and inner dental epithelium. Tβ4 was strongly expressed in the entire cytoplasm of odontoblasts on postnatal day 1 (PN1) and expressed intensively in the apical area of odontoblasts on PN4. Further, expression of Tβ4 was increased gradually in odontoblasts from PN1 to PN21. In an odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23, expression of Tβ4 mRNA and protein was increased strongly on day 4 and gradually decreased from day 14. The gene expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ON), and collagen type I, related with mineralization, was significantly decreased in si-Tβ4/MDPC-23 during differentiation compared to that in MDPC-23 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Tβ4 may be involved in oral epithelial cell proliferation at the initial stage of tooth development and regulates the expression and secretion of proteins during odontoblast differentiation.

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“…b4 has therapeutic potential: as an anti-inflammatory agent [4] and a promoter of wound healing in humans [5] and in relation to acute myocardial damage in a mouse model [6]. b-Thymosins 4, 10 and 15 have shown increased expression associated with malignancy [7][8][9], and the human b15 may provide a valuable diagnostic for malignancy of prostate cancer [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebrate β‐thymosins: Conserved synteny reveals the relationship between those of bony fish and of land vertebrates

Edwards

2010

FEBS Letters

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a b s t r a c tUsing conservation of synteny I show how the four thymosins expressed by teleost fish are related to the three of tetrapods, which is not evident from their protein sequences. This clarification was aided by identification of a novel thymosin of reptilians that replaces the b10 thymosin of mammals. Recent reconstruction of the ancestral vertebrate genome suggests that divergence of b-thymosins began with duplication preceding the two rounds of whole genome duplication.

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Thymosin β: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues

Cited by 241 publications

References 65 publications

Thymosin β4 Up-regulation of MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Suppression of the Toll-like Proinflammatory Pathway

Thymosin β4 Up-regulation of MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Suppression of the Toll-like Proinflammatory Pathway

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

Vertebrate β‐thymosins: Conserved synteny reveals the relationship between those of bony fish and of land vertebrates

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