Thyroid and the Heart

Grais, Ira Martin; Sowers, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.009

Cited by 251 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Elevated prolactin may result from untreated hypothyroidism because hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone, which is commonly elevated in hypothyroidism, stimulates both prolactin synthesis and release from the pituitary 29. Hypothyroidism is associated with hypertension and elevations in HDL cholesterol 30, 31. Nevertheless, this mechanism is speculative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Therkelsen

Abraham

Pedley

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundProlactin is an anterior pituitary hormone that may modulate the adverse effects of obesity. Prolactin has been associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, but less is known about whether prolactin predicts incidence of cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods and ResultsOur sample (n=3232, mean age 40.4 years, 52.1% women) was drawn from Framingham Heart Study participants who attended 2 examinations an average of 6.1 years apart. After excluding those with elevated prolactin (>30 mg/dL for women, >20 mg/dL for men), multivariable‐adjusted regressions modeled the associations between baseline prolactin and changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline value of the risk factor, smoking status, hormone replacement therapy, and menopausal status and additionally for body mass index. Mean prolactin levels were 11.9 mg/dL (SD 5.2) in women and 8.0 mg/dL (SD 2.9) in men. No associations were observed for change in weight, body composition, total cholesterol, triglycerides, or fasting glucose. In women, for example, for each 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin, odds of incident hypercholesterolemia were 1.06, which was not significant (95% CI 0.91–1.23, P=0.46). Some exceptions were of note. In women, for each 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin, we observed increased odds of low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol at follow‐up (odds ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.18–1.91, P=0.001) that persisted after adjustment for body mass index (P=0.001). In men, a 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin was associated with increased odds of incident hypertension (odds ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.18–2.20 P=0.002) and incident diabetes (odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.04–2.78, P=0.03).ConclusionsProlactin is not associated with a comprehensive panel of incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. Measurement of circulating prolactin levels in the community likely does not provide substantial insight into cardiometabolic risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Therkelsen

Abraham

Pedley

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…The symptoms of hypothyroidism vary widely and are related to a decreased function of the brain, muscles, heart and kidney (3,4,5,6,7,8). Restoration of these functions is achieved by treatment with levothyroxine (L-T 4 ) (3,5,8), which markedly improves the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI

Kelderman-Bolk

Visser

Tijssen

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Many patients treated for primary hypothyroidism have an unexplained reduced quality of life (QOL). We studied the relation between QOL and various parameters in treated hypothyroid patients. Design and methods: QOL analysis was done in 90 consecutive patients (77.8% females) treated for primary hypothyroidism. QOL was measured by the questionnaires Short-Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and MFI20. Post hoc analysis was performed on the relation of QOL at baseline and BMI, thyroid hormones and other serum values. QOL in patients was also compared to the general population. Results: QOL was decreased compared to the general population. We found an inverse relationship between QOL and BMI. A relationship between QOL and serum thyroid parameters or auto-antibodies could not be found. Higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels corresponded with a better QOL, which is explained by the negative association of SHBG with body weight and BMI. Conclusions: A decreased QOL in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine treatment is related to a higher body weight (BMI). Weight gain needs more attention in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

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“…Low FT3 level leads to increased phos-pholamban and decreased SERCA activity, as a result of that the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart decrease-hence causing cardiomyopathy [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism Associated with Echocardiographic Abnormalities

Qari¹

2017

Intern Med

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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and pericardial effusion, dilate cardiomyopathy and the LV ejection fraction (EF) through an echocardiographic scan.Design: Retrospective study. Settings:Single tertiary center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, from January 2015 to January 2017.Patients: 314 patients followed up for hypothyroidism.Intervention: None. Main outcome measures: Echocardiographic abnormalities.Results: The average age of the subjected group was 57 which is significantly older than control group (P value=0.0001). In addition, the subjected group were treated with higher doses of amaidiorone than the control group which was quite a drastic difference (p value=0.037).Similarly, such a drastic difference between both groups due to the low p value at <0.0001 -was also identified by how the ejection fraction (EF) of the subjected group was statically much lower than in the control group. The p values calculated in both cases were determined using the simple regression model. It was also found that there was a negative to weak relationship as explained by the B coefficient (Regression Coefficient) amongst the cases/controls and the laboratory parameters. However, there was a significant correlation between EF and the FT3 level (r=0.818; p value=0.045). Conclusion:The study showed the clear association of hypothyroidism with echocrsdiographic abnormalitis; lik cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion. It was also deduced that patients suffering from severe hypothyroidism as well as cardiomyopathy had quite low levels of EF.

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Thyroid and the Heart

Cited by 251 publications

References 59 publications

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI

Hypothyroidism Associated with Echocardiographic Abnormalities

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