Thyroid disease and the nervous system

Wood-Allum, Clare A; Shaw, Pamela J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4087-0.00048-6

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…Functional activity of HPT axis is regulated by several feedback mechanisms including thyroid hormones, neurotransmitters, stress-responsive elements, and circadian rhythms [2]. Pathological changes in HPT axis and impairment of its regulation can lead to several thyroid diseases, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders [3][4][5]. Thyroid dysfunctions can manifest as complications of some diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) [6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

et al. 2015

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The functions of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are attenuated in type 1 diabetes mellitus due to insulin deficiency. The use of intranasally administered insulin is of considerable interest for treatment of diabetes and cognitive disorders, but its effect on the thyroid system has not been investigated yet. We studied the influence of long-term treatment with intranasal insulin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of nondiabetic rats and diabetic animals with streptozotocin models of acute and mild type 1 diabetes mellitus. This treatment was carried out for 28 days in acute (daily does of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.5?IU of insulin per rat) and for 135 days in mild diabetes (daily dose of 0.45?IU/rat). Nondiabetic rats were treated in a similar manner. Intranasal insulin in both models of diabetes resulted in the improvement of thyroid status; manifested as increase of thyroid hormones levels and restoration of response to thyroliberin. In acute diabetes, a daily dose of 0.6?IU/rat was the most effective. Twenty eight days treatment of nondiabetic rats with intranasal insulin at a dose of 0.3?IU/rat resulted in a significant increase of free and total thyroxine levels. Longer treatment of rats with mild diabetes and nondiabetic animals significantly increased thyrotropin level. Thus, long-term intranasal insulin treatment restored the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in type 1 diabetes, but led to a significant increase in the thyrotropin level, which must be considered when designing a strategy for the use of intranasal insulin in clinical applications.

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

et al. 2015

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“…Disorders of the thyroid gland accompanied by neurological complications are common with a frequency of 1-2% of unselected general medical, geriatric, and psychiatric in-patients. 4 Neurologists should be aware of the common, rare, and unusual neurological complications of thyroid disease. This is because neurological complications may be the presenting features of thyroid disorders and they are usually readily treatable with appropriate early therapy.…”

Section: Neurosciences 2019; Vol 24 (4): 315-319mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Presenting with Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia

Algahtani

Fatani

Shirah

et al. 2019

NSJ

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“…Hoffman syndrome is a rare disease with hypothyroid myopathy and increased muscle mass[pseudohypertrophy] and Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome is associated with cretinism and muscular pseudohypertrophy [27,29]. Hypothyroidism may present with isolated muscle weakness so it is useful to check thyroid function in all patients with proximal myopathy, even if the absence of other symptoms of thyroid disease.…”

Section: Thyroid Function Disorders A) Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothyroidism may present with isolated muscle weakness so it is useful to check thyroid function in all patients with proximal myopathy, even if the absence of other symptoms of thyroid disease. Physical examination findings may include muscle hypertrophy, proximal muscle weakness and delayed relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes [27,29]. Serum muscle enzyme levels are frequently elevated in patients with hypothyroid myopathy and rise of muscle enzym is typically mild [CK<1000 IU/L] but polymyositis-like illness or rhabdomyolysis with dramatic elevations in CK levels do exist in the literature [30,31].…”

Section: Thyroid Function Disorders A) Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Myopathies: Clinical Review

Yeter¹

2015

Endocrinol Metab Synd

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Endocrinopathy is generally associated with hormonally-mediated systemic disorders. Myopathy is a result of this association and sometimes can be the first manifestation of endocrine diseases. This condition generally misdiagnosed as weakness and diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases are delayed. Especially cushing's disease, exogen glucocorticoid use, hypothyroidism, hyperaldesteronism and osteomalacia can mimic inflammatory myopathies clinically. Endocrine myopathies are group of disease which must be part of differential diagnosis who has proximal muscle weakness. Statin and glucocorticoid use come to the knowledge of physician because these are the most common cause of drug related proximal myopathy. While evaluating patient with proximal myopathy, thyroid function tests, vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone must be measured and primary hyperaldesteronism work up when clinically suspicion occurs. Treatment of endocrine myopathies are based on correction of endocrine disorder.

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Thyroid disease and the nervous system

Cited by 35 publications

References 303 publications

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

The Influence of Intranasal Insulin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Normal and Diabetic Rats

Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Presenting with Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia

Endocrine Myopathies: Clinical Review

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