Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Asymptomatic Dysfunction in People Living With HIV

Micali, Cristina; Russotto, Ylenia; Celesia, Benedetto Maurizio; Santoro, Laura; Marino, Andrea; Pellicanò, Giovanni Francesco; Nunnari, Giuseppe; Rullo, Emmanuele Venanzi

doi:10.3390/idr14050071

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Most of the PLHIV in our study had asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction, which is also correlated with the finding of a recent report. 18 We found only 10.83% of PLHIV suffering from thyroid abnormalities based on hormonal analysis. The occurrence of thyroid disorder in PLHIV in our study is higher than the occurrence of thyroid disorder in the general population, as reported by a study conducted in UK however, a few studies from Nepal report that the sample population in all were the patients suspected of thyroid disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Study of thyroid dysfunction in people living with HIV in Nepalese population undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

Sah

Ansari²,

Sah³

et al. 2023

Int J STD AIDS

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Introduction Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The abnormality in thyroid function has been linked with the adverse effects of prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) in PLHIV, but its prevalence remains obscure. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of impaired thyroid function and its relationship to ART duration in Nepalese people living with HIV. Methods This cross-sectional clinical laboratory based study was conducted at SRL Diagnostics Nepal, Pvt. Ltd. from October 2021 to May 2022. Two hundred and three HIV-seropositive patients enrolled at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu, Nepal were examined for their thyroid function test (TFT) by analyzing the serum T3, T4, and TSH concentrations using a fully automated COBAS e411 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, USA) based on the electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA). Results Out of 203 PLHIV, 22 (10.83%) had a thyroid disorder, with subclinical hypothyroidism ( n = 16, 72.73%) being the most common, followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism ( n = 3, 13.63%). Thyroid dysfunction had no significant correlation with HIV/ART duration ( p = 0.304) and sex ( p = 0.419), whereas, the risk of thyroid dysfunction was induced with the rise in the age of the PLHIV ( p = 0.002, ϕ = 0.274). There were no significant differences in the mean serum T3, T4 and TSH values among different sexes and the HIV/ART duration, however a significant difference in the mean values of TSH (F (3, 199) = 3.231, p = 0.023) and T3 (F (3, 199) = 4.587, p = 0.004) among the different age-groups were shown. The mean T3 values also indicated a gradual decrease with increasing age. Conclusion The study revealed subclinical hypothyroidism as the prevailing thyroid disorder associated with PLHIV. The risk of thyroid dysfunction in PLHIV was neither gender specific nor being attributed by the ART duration in Nepalese population; however, elderly PLHIV were highly susceptible to the risk of thyroid disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Study of thyroid dysfunction in people living with HIV in Nepalese population undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

Sah

Ansari²,

Sah³

et al. 2023

Int J STD AIDS

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“…For another thing, HIV is a critical component that must not be overlooked. Hypothyroidism is common in the AIDS community, nevertheless, the pathophysiology is still unknown at present, which seems to be related to immune activation triggered by opportunistic infections ( 17 ). Ji et al discovered that FT3 and FT4 levels were adversely connected to HIV duration and favorably related to CD4 cell counts ( 18 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS with obesity, hypothyroidism and elevated serum creatinine: A case report

Zhang

Qian²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine illness with a variety of clinical symptoms, but among which elevated serum creatinine is uncommon. Hypothyroidism is also common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, especially those receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Here we present a case of a young AIDS patient with hypothyroidism, increased serum creatinine, and obesity. Despite the lack of a kidney biopsy, following levothyroxine (LT4) therapy, his serum creatinine recovered to normal levels, and weight loss, edema, weakness, rough skin and other clinical symptoms obtained notable improvement. This highlights the need of clinicians paying attention to whether thyroid function is aberrant in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with increased creatinine, edema and significant weight gain since prompt thyroid hormone therapy can restore the alterations in renal function and avoid invasive renal biopsy.

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“…Since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV infection has become a chronic condition, and people living with HIV (PWH) could have life expectancies close to those of the general population [ 1 , 2 ]. This implies that PWH are becoming older, with an increase in the comorbidity burden that HIV specialists have to manage [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. However, despite ART, many people do not have a complete CD4 recovery [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and PWH with low CD4 cell count have an estimated life expectancy of 30 years lower than the general population [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with HIV and Getting Vaccinated: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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After 40 years of its appearance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a leading public health challenge worldwide. Since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV infection has become a chronic condition, and people living with HIV could have life expectancies close to those of the general population. People with HIV often have an increased risk of infection or experience more severe morbidity following exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases. Nowadays, several vaccines are available against bacteria and viruses. However, national and international vaccination guidelines for people with HIV are heterogeneous, and not every vaccine is included. For these reasons, we aimed to perform a narrative review about the vaccinations available for adults living with HIV, reporting the most updated studies performed for each vaccine among this population. We performed a comprehensive literature search through electronic databases (Pubmed—MEDLINE and Embase) and search engines (Google Scholar). We included English peer-reviewed publications (articles and reviews) on HIV and vaccination. Despite widespread use and guideline recommendations, few vaccine trials have been conducted in people with HIV. In addition, not all vaccines are recommended for people with HIV, especially for those with low CD4 cells count. Clinicians should carefully collect the history of vaccinations and patients’ acceptance and preferences and regularly check the presence of antibodies for vaccine-preventable pathogens.

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Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Asymptomatic Dysfunction in People Living With HIV

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Study of thyroid dysfunction in people living with HIV in Nepalese population undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

Study of thyroid dysfunction in people living with HIV in Nepalese population undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

AIDS with obesity, hypothyroidism and elevated serum creatinine: A case report

Living with HIV and Getting Vaccinated: A Narrative Review

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