Thyroid eye disease and ocular myasthenia gravis

Abstract

Purpose of review An overview of two ocular diseases, which significantly impact quality of life: thyroid eye disease (TED) and ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Additionally, we describe the clinical challenge when they occur simultaneously. We will describe the pathophysiology of both conditions, the currently available diagnostic tools, and the therapies available. Recent findings Recent literature has described newer diagnostic modalities, predictors of disease severity and co-occurrence of TED and OMG, and novel therapies. There is also critical analysis of current therapeutics and risk factors. Summary The findings from this review suggest a need for heightened clinical awareness and early detection strategies for TED and OMG due to their overlapping clinical presentation. Emerging therapies and diagnostic techniques should be integrated into practice. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term safety and efficacy of novel treatments and the potential genetic links between these conditions.