Thyroid eye disease: Redefining its management—A review

Abstract

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating, vision threatening disease that dramatically alters patients' quality of life. Until recently, the management of TED is a long arduous course with supportive therapy, followed by an extensive surgical treatment plan to reverse the disease endpoints. Teprotumumab offers an early, safe therapeutic intervention to help reverse disease end points such as diplopia and proptosis and improve quality of life.

Tocilizumab use in pediatric thyroid eye disease: First documented case

“…11 It has been documented as an effective treatment for progressive TED in adults. 12 , 13 In this case report, we are describing the first documented pediatric use of Tocilizumab in a 9-year-old female patient with progressive thyroid eye disease.…”

Management of eyelid retraction related to thyroid eye disease

“…[ 2 31 ] Orbital decompression is usually performed first if deemed necessary, followed by strabismus surgery, and finally, eyelid retraction surgery. [ 1 ] However, single-stage surgical approaches have also been demonstrated to be effective, especially if there is no clinical extraocular imbalance before surgery. [ 32 33 ] Ben Simon et al .…”

“…It is often associated with Grave's disease. [ 1 2 3 ] Approximately 15%–30% of patients with Grave's disease will experience clinically significant TED. [ 4 ] The prevalence of TED among Asians was found to be higher when compared to Europeans.…”

“…Eyelid retraction can also be associated with lagophthalmos on downgaze and nighttime lagophthalmos. [ 1 ] In Asian individuals, LER can coexist with entropion due to the unique ethnic anatomical features. [ 13 ]…”

Low‐dose rituximab: Useful in the armamentarium for treatment of active thyroid eye disease

“…Jain, Jaru-Ampornpan and Douglas. 1 This article provides a comprehensive overview of thyroid eye disease (TED) and its current management. We would like to comment on the use of a single low-dose (100 mg) rituximab infusion in active TED.…”