Thyroid Hormone Acts Locally to Increase Neurogenesis, Neuronal Differentiation, and Dendritic Arbor Elaboration in the Tadpole Visual System

Thompson, Christopher K.; Cline, Hollis T.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4147-15.2016

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…3, Table 1). These data are consistent with other studies showing that tectal size is not correlated to body length or NF stage (Sharma and Cline, 2010;Tahir et al, 2014;Thompson and Cline, 2016). The decrease in brain size is not due to increased cell death (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We have previously shown that experimental conditions that increase or decrease tectal size do so by altering proliferation without affecting changes in NF stage progression (Sharma and Cline, 2010;Thompson and Cline, 2016). We hypothesize that changes in tectal size in our NR group are due to decreases in proliferation.…”

Section: Nutrient Availability Affects Neural Progenitor Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Reversible developmental stasis in response to nutrient availability in theXenopus laevisCNS

McKeown

Thompson

Cline

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many organisms confront intermittent nutrient restriction (NR), but the mechanisms to cope with nutrient fluctuations during development are not well understood. This is particularly true of the brain, the development and function of which is energy intensive. Here we examine the effects of nutrient availability on visual system development in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. During the first week of development, tadpoles draw nutrients from maternally provided yolk. Upon yolk depletion, animals forage for food. By altering access to external nutrients after yolk depletion, we identified a period of reversible stasis during tadpole development. We demonstrate that NR results in developmental stasis characterized by a decrease in overall growth of the animals, a failure to progress through developmental stages, and a decrease in volume of the optic tectum. During NR, neural progenitors virtually cease proliferation, but tadpoles swim and behave normally. Introducing food after temporary NR increased neural progenitor cell proliferation more than 10-fold relative to NR tadpoles, and cell proliferation was comparable to that of fed counterparts 1 week after delayed feeding. Delayed feeding also rescued NR-induced body length and tectal volume deficits and partially rescued developmental progression defects. Tadpoles recover from developmental stasis if food is provided within the first 9 days of NR, after which access to food fails to increase cell proliferation. These results show that early stages of tadpole brain development are acutely sensitive to fluctuations in nutrient availability and that NR induces developmental stasis from which animals can recover if food becomes available within a critical window.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Nutrient Availability Affects Neural Progenitor Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Reversible developmental stasis in response to nutrient availability in theXenopus laevisCNS

McKeown

Thompson

Cline

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, it will be interesting to explore the similarities between hormonal regulation of temporal identity in Drosophila neural progenitors and thyroid hormone regulation of temporal patterning in vertebrates. Both ecdysone and thyroid hormone pathways are known to regulate neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal specification [57, 67-69], and it would be exciting to test whether thyroid hormone also regulates neural progenitor temporal patterning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing Well with Others: Extrinsic Cues Regulate Neural Progenitor Temporal Identity to Generate Neuronal Diversity

2017

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During neurogenesis, vertebrate and Drosophila progenitors change over time as they generate a diverse population of neurons and glia. Vertebrate neural progenitors have long been known to use both progenitor-intrinsic and progenitor-extrinsic cues to regulate temporal patterning. In contrast, virtually all temporal patterning mechanisms discovered in Drosophila neural progenitors (neuroblasts) involve progenitor-intrinsic temporal transcription factor cascades. Recent results, however, have revealed several extrinsic pathways that regulate Drosophila neuroblast temporal patterning: nutritional cues regulate the timing of neuroblast proliferation/quiescence and a steroid hormone cue that is required for temporal transcription factor expression. Here we discuss newly discovered extrinsic cues regulating neural progenitor temporal identity in Drosophila, highlight conserved mechanisms, and raise open questions for the future.

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“…The effect of thyroid hormone on the cognitive function in rats has been previously studied; it enhances the animal’s ability to learn a spatial memory task [7]. Thyroid hormone also acts locally to increase neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in the tadpole visual system [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Brain Thyroid Hormone Levels during Early Post-Hatching Development in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

et al. 2017

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Thyroid hormones are closely linked to the hatching process in precocial birds. Previously, we showed that thyroid hormones in brain had a strong impact on filial imprinting, an early learning behavior in newly hatched chicks; brain 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) peaks around hatching and imprinting training induces additional T3 release, thus, extending the sensitive period for imprinting and enabling subsequent other learning. On the other hand, blood thyroid hormone levels have been reported to increase gradually after hatching in altricial species, but it remains unknown how the brain thyroid hormone levels change during post-hatching development of altricial birds. Here, we determined the changes in serum and brain thyroid hormone levels of a passerine songbird species, the zebra finch using radioimmunoassay. In the serum, we found a gradual increase in thyroid hormone levels during post-hatching development, as well as differences between male and female finches. In the brain, there was clear surge in the hormone levels during development in males and females coinciding with the time of fledging, but the onset of the surge of thyroxine (T4) in males preceded that of females, whereas the onset of the surge of T3 in males succeeded that of females. These findings provide a basis for understanding the functions of thyroid hormones during early development and learning in altricial birds.

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Thyroid Hormone Acts Locally to Increase Neurogenesis, Neuronal Differentiation, and Dendritic Arbor Elaboration in the Tadpole Visual System

Cited by 46 publications

References 80 publications

Reversible developmental stasis in response to nutrient availability in theXenopus laevisCNS

Reversible developmental stasis in response to nutrient availability in theXenopus laevisCNS

Playing Well with Others: Extrinsic Cues Regulate Neural Progenitor Temporal Identity to Generate Neuronal Diversity

Sex Differences in Brain Thyroid Hormone Levels during Early Post-Hatching Development in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

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