Thyroid Tuberculosis Mimicking an Anaplastic Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation

Abstract

Isolated tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is extremely rare with a few reported cases so far. When it does occur, it may seem difficult to diagnose due to non-specific and various clinical manifestations of tuberculous thyroiditis. Thyroid Tuberculosis simulating an anaplastic carcinoma appears to be the rarest and the most dangerous presentation. We report a case of a 70 year-old female who presented with a left lateral neck swelling for 4 months duration with no compression signs neither thyroid dysfunction nor other associated general signs. Cervical CT scan showed a left heterogeneous lateral neck mass invading the isthmus and the left thyroid lobe plunging into the sub clavicular region which was consistent with an anaplastic cancinoma. Histopathological examination was compatible with tuberculosis. The patient was then put under anti-tuberculous drug treatment for 6 months duration with a remarkable clinical improvement.