Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on cattle in various regions in Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Ticks (Ixodidae) not only cause blood loss in cattle but also serve as vectors for various diseases, thus causing direct and indirect losses. Moreover, tick infestation can cause significant economic losses. This study aimed to identify the diverse species of ticks infesting cattle in five different regions in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Tick specimens were obtained from local cattle in five different areas in Indonesia. The morphology of the specimens was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and the resulting data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed. Results: In total, 1575 ticks were successfully collected from 26 animals. In total, two genera and three species, namely, Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and Rhipicephalus pilans, were identified. The cattle in Yogyakarta and Riau were infested by H. bispinosa, while the cattle in Sukabumi, Bali, and Lombok were infested by R. microplus and R. pilans. The level of infestation varied among regions, with R. microplus being the most commonly found species. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that cattle in different regions of Indonesia were infested by variable numbers of tick species. In particular, the cattle in Yogyakarta and Riau were solely infested by H. bispinosa; this is a new finding in terms of the distribution of tick species in the country. Increased tick infestation in cattle decreases productivity and causes health problems; therefore, it deserves serious attention. Our findings can help in the formulation of an effective strategy for controlling and preventing cattle tick infestation in the country.

First Autochthonous Report on Cattle Babesia naoakii in Central Java, Indonesia, and Identification of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Ticks in the Investigated Area

“…In total, 200 out of 374 ticks collected from cattle and 200 out of 500 caprine ticks corresponded to H. bispinosa . The distribution of H. bispinosa in the Boyolali district also confirms previous reports of its sole distribution in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Riau Provinces, whilst eastern parts of Indonesia are mainly populated by R. microplus [ 26 ]. H. bispinosa is well known to act as a potential vector of various Babesia sp.…”

Rhipicephalus Tick: A Contextual Review for Southeast Asia

“…There are six Rhipicephalus species reportedly found in SEA; these include Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say, 1821), Rhipicephalus australis (Fuller, 1899), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (Supino, 1897), Rhipicephalus pilans (Schulze, 1935), Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) or Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) [ 18 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Rhipicephalus microplus has been reported to occur in Cambodia [ 31 ], Laos [ 31 , 32 ], Myanmar [ 26 ], Vietnam [ 33 , 34 ], Thailand [ 35 , 36 ], Malaysia [ 23 ], the Philippines [ 37 , 38 ] and Indonesia [ 30 , 31 ]. Rhipicephalus microplus is frequently found on livestock animals such as cattle [ 30 ], water buffaloes [ 38 ] and goats [ 23 ]. Rhipicephalus microplus is widely researched as it is a significant pest of cattle with substantial economic impact [ 39 ].…”

Analysis of Microorganism Diversity in Haemaphysalis longicornis From Shaanxi, China, Based on Metagenomic Sequencing

“…livestock development (Yang et al, 2018;Sahara et al, 2019;Zeb et al, 2020). Ticks are blood-sucking parasites that can cause host mortality via mechanisms (Edlow and McGillicuddy, 2008) such as anemia and tick paralysis.…”

“…Ticks are important disease vectors that serve as hosts for various microorganisms; they can transmit etiological agents, including bacteria, viruses, and parasitic protozoa ( Sanchez-Vicente et al, 2019 ; Velay et al, 2019 ), which cause a variety of animal diseases, including zoonoses transferred from animal to animal or human ( Sharifah et al, 2020 ). In several countries, tick-borne diseases have been reported to cause immeasurable economic losses and negatively impact livestock development ( Yang et al, 2018 ; Sahara et al, 2019 ; Zeb et al, 2020 ). Ticks are blood-sucking parasites that can cause host mortality via mechanisms ( Edlow and McGillicuddy, 2008 ) such as anemia and tick paralysis.…”