Tidal and Subtidal Flow along a Cross-Shelf Transect on the East China Sea

Valle‐Levinson, Arnoldo; Matsuno, Takeshi

doi:10.1023/b:joce.0000009587.18145.d8

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To put it simply, after first being modified by the South China Sea tropical and intermediate waters, the subsurface waters in the western Okinawa Trough definitively upwell onto the ECS shelf. Shipboard ADCP measurements [e.g., Tang et al, 2000;Valle-Levinson and Matsuno, 2003] also confirm the apparent on-shore detided flow. It is important to point out that nutrients provided by the upwelled subsurface waters drive high new productivity and convert inorganic carbon to organic carbon which has a net offshore transport [Chen and Wang, 1999].…”

Section: C05012mentioning

confidence: 90%

Tracing tropical and intermediate waters from the South China Sea to the Okinawa Trough and beyond

Chen

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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Intermediate waters with a salinity minimum from 350 to 1350 m depths have been reported to flow out of the South China Sea (SCS) through the Luzon Strait. This eastward flowing SCS Intermediate Water (SCSIW) is blocked by the northward flowing Black Stream (Kuroshio) southeast of Taiwan and is forced to turn to the north. The SCSIW subsequently enters and occupies the western half of the Okinawa Trough. Because of strong upwelling in the SCS basin, the SCSIW contains more nutrients than does the Kuroshio Intermediate Water in the Philippine Sea. One of the major purposes of this note is to reconfirm that the SCSIW actually does upwell onto the East China Sea (ECS) shelf and to show that the South China Sea Tropical Water (SCSTW), with a salinity maximum of 50–150 m in depth, follows the same pathway as the SCSIW and similarly occupies the western half of the Okinawa Trough. Part of these relatively nutrient‐rich subsurface waters upwell, thereby supplying nutrients to the ECS shelves. The remaining SCSIW and SCSTW flow along with the Kuroshio and can be traced as far east as 140°E, south of Japan. This is just around the region where the Oyashio joins the Kuroshio to form the North Pacific Intermediate Water.

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Section: C05012mentioning

confidence: 90%

Tracing tropical and intermediate waters from the South China Sea to the Okinawa Trough and beyond

Chen

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…CFD simulations were carried out with inlet velocities of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 m/s (Reynolds numbers, 5900 to 32,000) (Table 1 and section S1), which encompass typical current velocities in shallow marine conditions on modern continental shelves ( 48 ). Because the orientation of Ernietta with respect to the current is poorly constrained based on the fossil record, we ran simulations with models oriented at both 0° and 90° to the inlet (figs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gregarious suspension feeding in a modular Ediacaran organism

et al. 2019

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Reconstructing Precambrian eukaryotic paleoecology is pivotal to understanding the origins of the modern, animal-dominated biosphere. Here, we combine new fossil data from southern Namibia with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to test between competing feeding models for the Ediacaran taxon Ernietta. In addition, we perform simulations for multiple individuals, allowing us to analyze hydrodynamics of living communities. We show that Ernietta lived gregariously, forming shallow marine aggregations in the latest Ediacaran, 548 to 541 million years (Ma) ago. We demonstrate enhanced vertical mixing of the water column above aggregations and preferential redirection of current into body cavities of downstream individuals. These results support the reconstruction of Ernietta as a macroscopic suspension feeder and also provide a convincing paleoecological advantage to feeding in aggregations analogous to those recognized in many extant marine metazoans. These results provide some of the oldest evidence of commensal facilitation by macroscopic eukaryotes yet recognized in the fossil record.

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“…A three-dimensional digital reconstruction of Tribrachidium, based on an x-ray microtomography scan of a latex cast of a well-preserved fossil collected from South Australia, was used in the CFD analyses (see model S1). The simulations were conducted with Tribrachidium at three different orientations to the current (0°, 120°, and 240°), using a range of flow velocities (0.05 to 0.5 m/s) that are typical for shallow-marine settings on the continental shelf (35), and which also reflect the diversity of environments that Tribrachidium inhabited (15). Although exact sediment-bottom current velocities are difficult to infer from preserved sedimentary structures, this range of simulated velocities falls inside the range measured for rippled substrates in modern environments (36)(37)(38), and thus likely provides a good match for the current velocities typically experienced by Tribrachidium in wave-base facies.…”

Section: Cfd Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%