Till—as a glacial “tectomict”, its internal architecture, and the development of a “typing” method for till differentiation

Microstructures in subglacial and proglacial sediments: understanding faults, folds and fabrics, and the influence of water on the style of deformation

“…The glaciolacustrine sediments were deposited within a small lake impounded by ice at the mouth of the valley of Raitts Burn. They are overlain by a sandy diamicton (or 'tectomict' of Menzies et al, 2006) that forms moraines, which are dissected by arcuate glacial drainage channels. The moraines formed at successive still-stand positions of a southerly retreating ice margin.…”

“…van der Meer et al, 2003;Menzies et al, 2006). The importance of its role increases where data from exposures is sparse such as in studies based on borehole cores (e.g.…”

“…(see Bell and Rubenach, 1983;Vernon, 1989;Passchier and Trouw, 1996 and references therein). In contrast, the application of micromorphology to the interpretation of microstructures developed during subglacial and proglacial deformation is a relatively recent innovation (van der Meer and Laban, 1990;van der Meer et al, 1992van der Meer et al, , 1994van der Meer, 1993;van der Meer and Warren, 1997;Menzies, 2000;Phillips and Auton, 2000;van der Wateren et al, 2000;Khatwa and Tulaczyk, 2001;Hart and Rose, 2001;Hiemstra and Rijsdijk, 2003;van der Meer et al, 2003;Menzies et al, 2006). The detailed analysis of thin sections is being used with increasing success to aid our understanding of both progressive and polyphase deformation of glacigenic sequences (e.g.…”

Subglacial till behaviour derived from in situ wireless multi-sensor subglacial probes: Rheology, hydro-mechanical interactions and till formation

“…Over the last 20 years, progress has been made in our understanding of the subglacial environment, from a combination of in situ subglacial experiments (e.g. Hooke et al, 1997;Engelhardt and Kamb, 1998;Murray and Porter, 2001;Fischer and Clarke, 2001), geotechnical experiments (Kamb, 1991;Boulton and Dobbie, 1998;Tulaczyk et al, 2001) and sedimentological investigations (Hart and Rose, 2001;van der Meer et al, 2003;Menzies et al, 2006;Evans et al, 2006). This research has demonstrated the complexity of subglacial processes and the prevalence of subglacial deformation, with 20e85% of glacier motion occurring within the subglacial sediment layer (till) rather than the ice (Boulton et al, 2001).…”

Facies and micromorphology of the Neoproterozoic Upper Diamictite Formation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: new evidence of sediment gravity flow

“…Such deformations can be produced in a broad range of environments from volcanic to glacial as well as in subaerial and subaqueous settings (van der Meer, 1987(van der Meer, , 1993Menzies, 1998;Menzies & Maltman 1992;Menzies et al, 1997Menzies et al, , 2006Eyles & Januszczak, 2004;Evans et al, 2006). Syndepositional pervasive SSD are evidenced by the clast alignments, pervasive tectonic laminations, unidirectional folding and shears (simple shear), rotational structures, pressure shadows and water escape structures (Lachniet et al, 2001;Baroni & Fasano, 2006;Phillips, 2006).…”