Tillage effects on soil water redistribution and bare soil evaporation throughout a season

Schwartz, Robert C.; Baumhardt, R. Louis; Evett, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2010.07.015

Cited by 140 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…Em geral, a temperatura do solo apresenta relação direta com FCO 2 uma *N = 120, **N = 90, CV -Coeficiente de variação; Médias seguidas da mesma letra não diferem entre si pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) Tabela 1. Estatística descritiva da emissão de CO 2 , temperatura e umidade do solo, nos sistemas de preparo do solo: convencional (PC), subsolagem convencional (SC) e subsolagem localizada (SL) vez que, dependendo do sistema de preparo, a exemplo do PC, com a incorporação dos resíduos ao solo, aumenta-se a taxa de emissão de CO 2 do solo, em virtude da maior área de contato do solo com os resíduos, somada à maior aeração, ao aumento na temperatura do solo (Licht & Al-Kaisi, 2005;Silva-Olaya et al, 2013) e à diminuição da umidade (Schwartz et al, 2010;Moitinho et al, 2013), decorrentes do processo de revolvimento. Em contrapartida, Verbug et al (2005) relatam que o fluxo de CO 2 do solo apresenta relação inversa com a temperatura do solo quando esta excede os 20 ºC.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Ainda o efeito da U solo sobre FCO 2 pode ser parcialmente oculto pelo efeito da T solo , uma vez que U solo e T solo são variáveis interdependentes e comumente se alteram simultaneamente (Ding et al, 2010). Em geral, a umidade do solo se relaciona às variações temporais da FCO 2 quando ela se torna um fator limitante (Epron et al, 2006;Schwartz et al, 2010), o que não ocorreu neste experimento visto que a correlação entre U solo e FCO 2 foi não significativa (p > 0,05) nos preparos estudados.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Neste processo os microrganismos obtêm energia por meio da oxidação de carboidratos, com consequente produção de água e CO 2 (Six et al, 2006). Além disso, o preparo intensivo do solo pode reduzir a cobertura vegetal que protege o solo, expondo-o à radiação solar o que resulta, na elevação da temperatura (Licht & Al-Kaisi, 2005) e redução da umidade do solo (Schwartz et al, 2010), favorecendo a atividade microbiana.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Preparo do solo e emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área canavieira

Iamaguti

Moitinho

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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R E S U M OO preparo mecânico do solo é uma das práticas agrícolas que contribuem para o aumento da perda de carbono via emissão de CO 2 do solo (FCO 2 ). Com este trabalho objetivou-se investigar o efeito de três sistemas de preparo do solo na FCO 2 , temperatura e umidade do solo em área de reforma da cultura de cana-de-açúcar. A área experimental foi constituída de três parcelas, cada uma recebendo um dos preparos do solo: preparo convencional (PC), subsolagem convencional (SC) e subsolagem localizada (SL). A FCO 2 , temperatura e a umidade do solo foram avaliadas durante o período total de 17 dias. A FCO 2 foi maior no preparo PC (0,75 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ). A temperatura do solo não diferiu (p > 0,05) entre as subsolagens: SL (26,2 ºC) e SC (25,9 ºC). A umidade do solo foi maior na SL (24%), seguida pela SC (21,8%) e preparo PC (18,3%). Apenas no preparo PC foi observada correlação significativa (r = -0,71; p < 0,05) entre FCO 2 e a temperatura do solo. O preparo PC apresentou emissão total (2.864,3 kg CO 2 ha -1 ), superior às emissões nas subsolagens: SC (1.970,9 kg CO 2 ha -1 ) e SL (1.707,7 kg CO 2 ha -1 ). A conversão do sistema de preparo PC para a SL diminuiu as emissões de CO 2 do solo, reduzindo a contribuição da agricultura para o aumento dos gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera.Soil tillage and emission of CO 2 , soil temperature and soil moisture in a sugarcane area A B S T R A C TSoil tillage is one of the agricultural practices that may contribute to increase the loss of carbon through emission of CO 2 (FCO 2 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three soil tillage systems on FCO 2 , soil temperature and soil moisture in a sugarcane area under reform. The experimental area consisted of three tillage plots: conventional tillage (CT), conventional subsoiling (CS), and localized subsoiling (LS). FCO 2 , soil temperature and soil moisture were measured over a period of 17 days. FCO 2 showed the highest value in CT (0.75 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ). Soil temperature presented no significant difference (p > 0.05) between LS (26.2 °C) and CS (25.9 °C). Soil moisture was higher in LS (24%), followed by CS (21.8%) and CT (18.3%). A significant correlation (r= -0.71; p < 0.05) between FCO 2 and soil temperature was observed only in CT. The conventional tillage presented a total emission (2,864.3 kg CO 2 ha -1 ) higher than the emissions observed in CS (1,970.9 kg CO 2 ha -1 ) and LS (1,707.7 kg CO 2 ha -1 ). The conversion from CT to LS decreased soil CO 2 emissions, reducing the contribution of agriculture in increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Palavras-chave:respiração do solo subsolagem cana-de-açúcar gases do efeito estufa

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Preparo do solo e emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área canavieira

Iamaguti

Moitinho

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Since the yield benefits associated with ZT have been established ceteris paribus with factors such as differences in time of planting and fertilizer use controlled for in the analysis, the causal mechanisms for the estimated yield gains are likely to be associated with soil related factors. Intensive tillage typically increases evaporative losses of soil water (Schwartz et al 2010), which in turn can reduce early plant growth under deficit irrigation conditions. Further, the higher levels of soil porosity and surface roughness following tillage increase the total volume of water applied with the first irrigation (Erenstein et al 2007), which can result in growth reductions associated with wet field conditions and processes such as denitrification and root stunting.…”

Section: Parameter Estimates In the Inefficiency Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-tillage as a pathway for sustainable wheat intensification in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains: does it work in farmers’ fields?

Keil

Dsouza

McDonald³

2015

Food Sec.

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In controlled-condition field trials across South Asia, zero-tillage (ZT) has demonstrated considerable scope for enhancing wheat productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) while using less energy and irrigation water. However, studies that quantify the impact of ZT in farmers' fields are scarce, especially in the less productive and densely populated Eastern IGP, an area that the Indian government is targeting for investment to address current and future food insecurity. Furthermore, a recent global meta-analysis has questioned the yield benefits of ZT, especially when permanent soil cover with crop residues is not maintained. To assess the realworld performance of ZT wheat in Eastern India, we quantified the productivity impact of current ZT practices in the State of Bihar, based on a random sample of 1000 wheatgrowing households, stratified by ZT adoption status. CobbDouglas stochastic production frontiers estimated the effect of ZT on wheat output while controlling for potential selection bias between ZT users and non-users regarding crop management. In contrast to the global meta-analysis, we found that the prevailing ZT practices without full residue retention led to a robust yield gain over conventional-tillage wheat across different agro-ecological zones, amounting to 498 kg ha −1 (19 %), on average. The economic benefit from ZT related yield increase and cost savings in wheat production amounted to 6 % of total annual income among sampled households. We conclude that ZT users reap substantial benefits, and that ZT technology could play a major role in making Bihar selfsufficient in wheat. To increase access to the technology among smallholders, an expansion of the network of ZT service providers is essential and can be supported through targeted policies and development interventions.

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“…Pagliai et al (1995) found that CT and NT had no effect on soil porosity. On the other hand, others (Azooz & Arshad 1996;Schwartz et al 2010) reported that CT resulted in breakdown of soil aggregates and reduced water infiltration.…”

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Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil

Gharaibeh

Eltaif

2014

Soil & Water Res.

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Gharaibeh M. A., Eltaif N.I. (2014): Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil. Soil & Water Res., 9: 127-134.Irrigation with treated wastewater is essential for increasing crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Field experiments were conducted on rainfed clayey soil to investigate the impact of water quality, cultivation, and different cropping systems on cumulative infiltration (F (t) ), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC fs ), penetration resistance (PR), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Treatments were: (1) barley fields tilled for the past 20 years (C B -T), (2) olive tree fields tilled for the past 20 years (C O -T), (3) non-cultivated field for 20 years, tilled for the last 2 years (NC-T 2yr ), and (4) non-cultivated non-tilled field (NC-NT) for the past 20 years (control). Results indicated that F (t) , HC fs , PR, and WSA in NC-NT were significantly higher than in all other treatments. Compared to fresh water (FW), treated wastewater (TWW) significantly reduced F (t) and HC fs in all treatments. This study showed that irrigation with TWW and protection of soil from any physical manipulation improved soil hydraulic and physical properties to acceptable levels. Therefore, application of such practices could be recommended in arid clayey soils.

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Tillage effects on soil water redistribution and bare soil evaporation throughout a season

Cited by 140 publications

References 53 publications

Preparo do solo e emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área canavieira

Preparo do solo e emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área canavieira

Zero-tillage as a pathway for sustainable wheat intensification in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains: does it work in farmers’ fields?

Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil

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