Time-course study of injection site inflammatory reactions following intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with oil-adjuvanted vaccines

Mutoloki, Stephen; Alexandersen, Svein; Gravningen, Kjersti; Evensen, Øystein

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.08.009

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Different adjuvants have been used in IWC-vaccine formulations for S. agalactiae in tilapia and these include Freund’s incomplete [22,28] and aluminum hydroxide gel (AH) [22] adjuvants. However, adjuvants have been shown to induce side effects in fish [31] and, hence, the search for other antigen delivery systems that do not require incorporation of adjuvants in vaccine formulation has attracted a lot of interest in fish vaccinology [7]. …”

Section: Antigen Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2016

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Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging infectious disease adversely affecting Nile tilapia (Niloticus oreochromis) production in aquaculture. Research carried out in the last decade has focused on developing protective vaccines using different strategies, although no review has been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of vaccination strategies and antigen delivery systems currently used for S. agalactiae vaccines in tilapia. Furthermore, as shown herein, current vaccine designs include the use of replicative antigen delivery systems, such as attenuated virulent strains, heterologous vectors and DNA vaccines, while non-replicative vaccines include the inactivated whole cell (IWC) and subunit vaccines encoding different S. agalactiae immunogenic proteins. Intraperitoneal vaccination is the most widely used immunization strategy, although immersion, spray and oral vaccines have also been tried with variable success. Vaccine efficacy is mostly evaluated by use of the intraperitoneal challenge model aimed at evaluating the relative percent survival (RPS) of vaccinated fish. The major limitation with this approach is that it lacks the ability to elucidate the mechanism of vaccine protection at portals of bacterial entry in mucosal organs and prevention of pathology in target organs. Despite this, indications are that the correlates of vaccine protection can be established based on antibody responses and antigen dose, although these parameters require optimization before they can become an integral part of routine vaccine production. Nevertheless, this review shows that different approaches can be used to produce protective vaccines against S. agalactiae in tilapia although there is a need to optimize the measures of vaccine efficacy.

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Section: Antigen Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2016

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“…Vaccines are administrated to the fish in the peritoneal cavity before smoltification and provide protection towards a number of viral and bacterial diseases. However, granulomatous peritonitis with associated adhesions between wall and internal organs, retarded growth and increased mortalities, infiltration of melanin in the muscle and abdominal cavity and spinal deformities have been reported as side effects of vaccination over the years (Berg et al., 2006b; Mutoloki et al., 2008). Local inflammation of the spine might represent the missing link between vaccination and bone malformations.…”

Section: Inflammation As a Risk Factor For Spinal Deformitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation as a potential risk factor for spinal deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Gil-Martens¹

2010

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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Summary Inflammation is an overall protective response and can be defined as a cellular and non specific immune response to irritation, injury, or infection leading to the local accumulation of leukocytes and fluid. In intensive farming conditions, fish are usually transported, sorted, vaccinated and subjected to stressful handling procedures which may potentially lead to local inflammation and affect the integrity of the spine. The present mini‐review aims to introduce the reader in the field of spinal deformities in salmon, propose inflammation as a risk factor for spinal deformities and emphasize the need for conducting further research in the area having an integrated and multidisciplinary perspective.

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“…The oil-adjuvanted vaccine applied in Atlantic cod resulted in similar changes including formation of granulomas with a core containing oil droplets and dominated by MLCs [30]. In that study the injected volume was 0, 1 ml and the granulomas appeared smaller and with less pronounced stratification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Mineral-oil-adjuvanted vaccines against atypical furunculosis and vibriosis have been tested in Atlantic cod and the host response characterised by histological studies of injection site reactions [30] or by other methods [31e33]. This includes one vaccine with IFA [32] and one with Freund's complete adjuvant [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes one vaccine with IFA [32] and one with Freund's complete adjuvant [33]. Abdominal lesions caused by mineral oil-adjuvanted vaccines are also reported in Atlantic cod [30,32] but in contrast to Atlantic salmon, melanin accumulation has not been described [30]. Both water-based and mineral oil-adjuvanted bacterin vaccines are now commercially available for i.p.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A sequential study of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant-induced peritonitis in Atlantic cod

Gjessing

Falk

Weli

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Time-course study of injection site inflammatory reactions following intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with oil-adjuvanted vaccines

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Inflammation as a potential risk factor for spinal deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

A sequential study of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant-induced peritonitis in Atlantic cod

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