Time-dependent, three-dimensional flow and mass transport during solution growth of potassium titanyl phosphate

The effect of cooling rate on size, quality and morphology of KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals grown by different nucleation techniques

“…The shape of absorption edges, transparency values and presence of various absorption peaks can be due to incorporation of different types of impurities and flaws. Solvent inclusions in KTP crystals are the results of large variation in super saturation on the crystal surfaces [7,24] and super saturation itself is strongly influenced by convection and is sometimes incredibly sensitive to small fluctuation in temperature [12]. The effects of constitutional super cooling can be minimized by making the growth as stable as possible.…”

On the validity of boundary layer analysis for flow and mass transfer caused by rotation during the solution growth of large, single crystals

“…While this is the case for the system studied here (transient flow and mass transfer are discussed in Ref. [38]), notable exceptions are systems employing the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) for the enhancement of mass transfer [5][6][7]39,40].…”

Imaging techniques for mapping solution parameters, growth rate, and surface features during the growth of crystals from solution

“…A few research groups, such as Derby et al [530,531,606,607,617], and Robey et al [422,423] have adopted the computational fluid dynamics route to understanding the importance of transport phenomena during the growth of crystals from solution. Their work on KDP and KTP has supported the hypothesis put forth by Belouet [28,29] and Bordui et al [45] that solution inclusions are strongly influenced by the hydrodynamic environment present in the growth system.…”