Time-dependent water vapor permeation through multilayer barrier films: Empirical versus theoretical results

Kiese, Sandra; Kücükpinar, Esra; Miesbauer, Oliver; Langowski, Horst‐Christian

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2019.01.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To demonstrate the developed model, the WVTR values for the pure PET(50 μm), PET (50 μm)/SiO x (100 nm, w = 5 μm, L = 1300 μm), and PET (50 μm)/SiO x (100 nm, w = 5 μm, L = 850 μm)/ORM (2 μm) (ORM stands for ORMOCER lacquer containing (3‐glycidyloxypropy) trimethoxysilane and aluminum‐ sec ‐butoxide complexated with ethyl acetoacetate) layered structures are simulated as a function of diffusion time with the diffusion coefficient of D = 9.2 × 10 −13 m 2 s −1 and the initial concentration of c 0 = 147.56 mol m −3 at 38 °C and the relative humidity (RH) of 36%. [ 35 ] The simulation results are plotted in Figure 6 a–c, respectively. The equilibrium WVTR values obtained from Figure 6a–c are listed in Table 2 and are in good agreement with the experimental ones.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium WVTR values obtained from Figure 6a–c are listed in Table 2 and are in good agreement with the experimental ones. [ 35 ]…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount n ( t ) (atoms cm −2 ) of water vapor that has permeated through a film sample of unit area within a sufficiently long time period t is given in term of the steady‐state flux J SS by [ 35 ]

n (t) = J_{SS} \times (t - t_{0})

…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Model for Adsorption and Diffusion in Water Vapor Barrier Films

Lian

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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A model for describing the diffusion behavior of water vapor in barrier films is developed and applied to the cases of 1) pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET); 2) an inorganic thin film (ITF) with defects on a PET substrate (ITF/PET); and 3) PET/ITF/PET. The normalized concentration profile and the relative mass of water vapor in the ITF/PET and PET/ITF/PET barrier films are simulated as a function of diffusion time by considering the sorption and desorption of water vapor. The number of atoms penetrating the barrier films is quantitatively evaluated by the concentration gradient of water vapor, which is related to the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The simulated WVTR values in pure PET, PET/SiOx, and PET/SiOx/ORM layered structures are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium WVTR values obtained from Figure 6a–c are listed in Table 2 and are in good agreement with the experimental ones. [ 35 ]…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Model for Adsorption and Diffusion in Water Vapor Barrier Films

Lian

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…On the other hand and according to the above-mentioned law, in defect-free multilayer barrier stacks, the film with lowest permeability dominates the steady-state transmission rates, usually being the inorganic thin film (Graff et al, 2004;Kiese et al, 2019). To that effect and in order to reach higher BIFs for single-barrier films and consequently also in multilayer stacks, very promising results have been reported by sealing of defects by direct wet or gas phase overcoating with additional inorganic thin films.…”

Section: Gas Permeation Through Multilayer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of ultra barrier film materials is challenging, since measurement time, e.g., by isostatic carrier gas systems (e.g., commercial MOCON, Inc. systems), can take up to several months to reach steady state transmission rates. Kiese et al (2017Kiese et al ( , 2019 presented a modification of the classical twochamber method in that way that the water is collected before being transported to the measuring thermal conductivity sensor. This results in a higher sensitivity of the method, delivering permeation values which are in satisfying agreement with the values measured by the commercially available MOCON system, but in a shorter timescale.…”

Section: Characterization Of Gas Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Transparent Barrier Applications of Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Photochemical Conversion at Low Temperature and Ambient Pressure

Helmstedt

Prager

2020

Front. Mater.

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Photoconversion of metal-organic precursors to thin film metal oxides using ultraviolet (UV) radiation in oxidative atmosphere is an attractive technology because it can be applied at temperatures <80 • C and at ambient pressure. Thus, it enables preparing this class of thin films in a cost-efficient manner on temperature sensitive substrates such as polymer films. In this article, various aspects of research and development in the field of photochemical thin-film fabrication, with particular focus to the application of the produced films as gas permeation barriers for the encapsulation of optoelectronic devices are reviewed. Thereby, it covers investigations on fundamental photochemically initiated reactions for precursor classes containing metal-oxygen and metal-nitrogen bonds, and emphazises the relevance of that understanding for applicative considerations like integration of the single-layer barrier films into relevant encapsulation films. Further perspectives are given concerning integration of additional functionalities like electrical conductivity to the flexible and transparent barrier films.

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Water vapor permeability of polymeric packaging materials for novel glass‐free photovoltaic applications

Babin,

Eder,

Voronko

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Moisture ingress in photovoltaic (PV) modules is a critical factor for performance degradation, therefore, a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is highly desirable for polymers used to embed the solar cells, including backsheets, frontsheets, and encapsulants. With the advent of glass‐free modules for integration in building envelopes and vehicles, there is growing interest in polymer composite structures with embedded glass fibers to enhance rigidity. Furthermore, due to environmental concerns, there is increased interest in fluorine‐free polymers for PV applications. In this work, 21 samples with different base polymers, coatings, and/or surface treatments are investigated and their WVTRs are measured. The results show no good alternatives to existing fluoride‐based polymers/coatings for reducing WVTRs of backsheets and frontsheets among the investigated samples. In addition, glass fibers embedded within polymers to provide increased stability to backsheets or in composites for lightweight PV are shown to significantly increase WVTRs, especially, when fibers are not properly embedded, providing additional diffusion pathways for moisture ingress.

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Time-dependent water vapor permeation through multilayer barrier films: Empirical versus theoretical results

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

A Model for Adsorption and Diffusion in Water Vapor Barrier Films

A Model for Adsorption and Diffusion in Water Vapor Barrier Films

Flexible Transparent Barrier Applications of Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Photochemical Conversion at Low Temperature and Ambient Pressure

Water vapor permeability of polymeric packaging materials for novel glass‐free photovoltaic applications

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