“…In turn, ES, TM, HS, and Persistent were not significantly influence in learners' academic outcomes. These findings were consistent with (Wahat, Saat, Ching, Qin, May, Omar… & Omar, 2012;Taplin, Yum, Jegede, Fan, & Chan, 2001;Williams & Takaku, 2011;Villavicencio, 2011). The opposite of the findings are researches by (Kosnin, 2007;Abbasnasab, 2012;Ibrahim et al, 2015;Seker, 2016;Haron et al, 2010).…”