Time-resolving experiments on Dicke superfluorescence of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>centers in KCl. Two-color superfluorescence

Florian, Reinhold; Schwan, L. O.; Schmid, Dirk

doi:10.1103/physreva.29.2709

Cited by 140 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The coupling between the backward and forward SF for two-level atoms has been studied in [24]. Recently, Brownell et al [17] have observed a cascade SF in the backward direction.…”

Section: B Phenomenological Theory For Backward Superfluorescence Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of picosecond superfluorescent pulses in rubidium atomic vapor pumped by 100-fs laser pulses

et al. 2010

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We study the superfluorescence (SF) from a gas of rubidium atoms. The atoms of a dense vapor are excited to the 5D state from the 5S state by a two-photon process driven by 100-fs laser pulses. The atoms decay to the 6P state and then to the 5S state. The SF emission at 420 nm on the 6P -5S transition is recorded by a streak camera with picosecond time resolution. The time duration of the generated SF is tens of picoseconds, which is much shorter than the time scale of the usual relaxation processes, including spontaneous emission and atomic coherence dephasing. The dependence of the time delay between the reference input pulse and SF is measured as a function of laser power. The experimental data are described quantitatively by a simulation based on the semiclassical atom-field interaction theory. The observed change in scaling laws for the peak intensity and delay time can be elucidated by an SF theory in which the sample length is larger than the cooperation length.

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“…The coupling between the backward and forward SF for two-level atoms has been studied in [24]. Recently, Brownell et al [17] have observed a cascade SF in the backward direction.…”

Section: B Phenomenological Theory For Backward Superfluorescence Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of picosecond superfluorescent pulses in rubidium atomic vapor pumped by 100-fs laser pulses

et al. 2010

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“…In addition, SF is fundamentally a stochastic process: the optical polarization and the electromagnetic field grow from initially incoherent quantum noise to a macroscopic level. Thus, SF is intrinsically random: even for identical preparation conditions, initial microscopic fluctuations get exponentially amplified and may result in macroscopic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations [25][26][27][30][31][32], e.g., in delay time τ d [32][33][34], pulse width [33], and emission direction [35]. For a detailed discussion on semantic confusion between SR and SF, see, e.g., pp.…”

Section: Introduction a Dicke Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicke superradiance in solids [Invited]

et al. 2016

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Recent advances in optical studies of condensed matter systems have led to the emergence of a variety of phenomena that have conventionally been studied in the realm of quantum optics. These studies have not only deepened our understanding of light-matter interactions but also introduced aspects of many-body correlations inherent in optical processes in condensed matter systems. This article is concerned with the phenomenon of superradiance (SR), a profound quantum optical process originally predicted by Dicke in 1954. The basic concept of SR applies to a general N -body system where constituent oscillating dipoles couple together through interaction with a common light field and accelerate the radiative decay of the whole system. Hence, the term SR ubiquitously appears in order to describe radiative coupling of an arbitrary number of oscillators in many situations in modern science of both classical and quantum description. In the most fascinating manifestation of SR, known as superfluorescence (SF), an incoherently prepared system of N inverted atoms spontaneously develops macroscopic coherence from vacuum fluctuations and produces a delayed pulse of coherent light whose peak intensity ∝ N 2 . Such SF pulses have been observed in atomic and molecular gases, and their intriguing quantum nature has been unambiguously demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the rapidly developing field of research on SR phenomena in solids, where not only photon-mediated coupling (as in atoms) but also strong Coulomb interactions and ultrafast scattering processes exist. We describe SR and SF in molecular centers in solids, molecular aggregates and crystals, quantum dots, and quantum wells. In particular, we will summarize a series of studies we have recently performed on semiconductor quantum wells in the presence of a strong magnetic field. In one type of experiment, electron-hole pairs were incoherently prepared, but a macroscopic polarization spontaneously emerged and cooperatively decayed, emitting an intense SF burst. In another type of experiment, we observed the SR decay of coherent cyclotron resonance of ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gases, leading to a decay rate that is proportional to the electron density. These results show that cooperative effects in solid-state systems are not merely small corrections that require exotic conditions to be observed; rather, they can dominate the nonequilibrium dynamics and light emission processes of the entire system of interacting electrons.

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“…Further studies 2-4 suggested that emission of the total energy was similarly accelerated, provided that the system reaches the inversion threshold. Superradiant emission of the total energy has been confirmed by numerous studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , yet the acceleration of the initial decay has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we use resonant diffraction of X-rays from the Mössbauer transition 13 of 57 Fe nuclei to investigate superradiant decay, photon by photon, along the entire chain of the de-excitation cascade of up to 68 simultaneous coherent nuclear excitations created by a pulse of an X-ray free-electron laser.…”

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confidence: 73%

“…In the low-excitation regime, the emission of the total energy follows a conventional single-photon decay; approaching inversion conditions allows for an amplified spontaneous emission and inverted systems can have an accelerated superradiant decay [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . In contrast, the accelerated initial decay appears without threshold; that is, it is expected for even small numbers of excitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser

et al. 2017

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In 1954 Dicke predicted the accelerated initial decay of multiple atomic excitations 1 , laying the foundation for the concept of superradiance. Further studies 2-4 suggested that emission of the total energy was similarly accelerated, provided that the system reaches the inversion threshold. Superradiant emission of the total energy has been confirmed by numerous studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , yet the acceleration of the initial decay has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we use resonant diffraction of X-rays from the Mössbauer transition 13 of 57 Fe nuclei to investigate superradiant decay, photon by photon, along the entire chain of the de-excitation cascade of up to 68 simultaneous coherent nuclear excitations created by a pulse of an X-ray free-electron laser. We find agreement with Dicke's theory 1 for the accelerated initial decay as the number of excitations is increased. We also find that our results are in agreement with a simple statistical model, providing a necessary baseline for discussing further properties of superradiance, within and beyond the low-excitation regime. Dicke's model introduces superradiance as an accelerated initial decay of multiple atomic excitations, and provides exact predictions for the ensemble behaviour as a function of the number of atoms and number of excitations in the system

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Time-resolving experiments on Dicke superfluorescence ofO2−centers in KCl. Two-color superfluorescence

Cited by 140 publications

References 33 publications

Observation of picosecond superfluorescent pulses in rubidium atomic vapor pumped by 100-fs laser pulses

Observation of picosecond superfluorescent pulses in rubidium atomic vapor pumped by 100-fs laser pulses

Dicke superradiance in solids [Invited]

Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser

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