“Time-Specific Facies” and biological crises — The Kellwasser Event interval near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (Late Devonian)

Late Devonian sedimentary record of the Paleotethys Ocean – The Mae Sariang section, northwestern Thailand

“…5), but the typical lithological characteristics known from other F/F sections (i.e. black organic-rich shales; Sandberg et al, 1988 ;Walliser, 1996b;Riquier et al, 2006;Gereke and Schindler, 2012) are lacking. The entire section is mainly composed of thick-bedded lime mudstones and wackestones.…”

“…Our section lacks the characteristic lithological development (e.g. black shales and black limestones intercalated in lighter sediments; =time-specific facies sensu Walliser, 1984a,b, see Gereke andSchindler, 2012) well known in deepwater deposits in other parts of the world associated with some of these events. Even if several sections are described by different authors (see above), a single detailed sedimentological, stratigraphical and microfacies analysis is still lacking for the Late Devonian of Thailand.…”

“…Boucot, 1990;Sepkoski, 1996;Walliser, 1996a,b;House, 2002;Racki, 2005;Buggisch and Joachimski, 2006;Riquier et al, 2006;Bond and Wignall, 2008;Gereke and Schindler, 2012). The Late Devonian was a period with a complex succession of global eustatic and hypoxic events associated with biotic crises.…”

“…The Upper Kellwasser Horizon is connected with a global bioevent corresponding to a major faunal change and marks the F/F boundary (''Kellwasser Event'', see Walliser 1980Walliser , 1984aWalliser ,b, 1996b which is characterised by a stepwise extinction (e.g. Sandberg et al, 1988;Gereke and Schindler, 2012). Recently this dramatic biodiversity loss and ecosystem turnover is considered as a mass depletion of marine diversity resulted primarily from depressed origination rate (see Bambach et al, 2004;Racki, 2005;Stigall, 2010).…”

Ichnological record of the Frasnian–Famennian boundary interval: two examples from the Holy Cross Mts (Central Poland)

“…The Late Devonian extinction has been recently interpreted as a "biodiversity crisis" caused by speciation rate collapse rather than a classic "mass extinction" (e.g. Racki 2005;Becker et al 2012;Gereke and Schindler 2012). This crisis is related mostly to sea level changes (e.g.…”