Time to Safeguard the Future Generations from the Omnipresent Microplastics

Wu, Mengjie; Tu, Chen; Liu, Guangxia; Zhong, Huan

doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03252-1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that children are more sensitive to chemicals than adults (19). Interestingly, PSMPs are found in a variety of foods and products marketed to children, such as milk, honey, sugar, feeding bottles, and toys (20), promoting children being more vulnerable to MPs than adults. Studies have reported that PSMPs can be transferred through the placenta and generate developmental toxicity (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

et al. 2023

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IntroductionUnintended intake of microplastic particles has been demonstrated to exert adverse health effects, however, studies on relevant nephrotoxicity in juvenile mammals are lacking.MethodsTherefore, we investigated the potential nephrotoxicity of oral-exposed polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) (1,000 nm, 2.0 mg/kg/d) for 28 days in juvenile rats. Levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in kidneys were analyzed.Results and discussionResults revealed that PSMPs noticeably decreased the growth rate of bodyweight, and organ index of the kidney, cardiac, and ovary. The intestinal injury caused by PSMPs exposure was also observed, which was distinctly alleviated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Salubrinal (Sal) treatment compared with the single PSMPs group. PSMPs caused histological lesions of the kidney via disrupting the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), and pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PSMPs exposure induced ER stress and inflammation presumably potentially mediated by oxidative stress in kidneys of rats. Eventually, PSMPs also promoted renal cells apoptosis, manifested as an obvious increase in the number of positive cells for the dUTP nick end labeling of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, which also can be confirmed by the elevated expression of genes associated with apoptosis Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and IHC score of Caspase-12 in the PSMPs group. Supplementation of NAC and Sal not only ameliorated the PSMPs-induced oxidative stress and ER stress but also the inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney. Collectively, this study suggested that PSMPs caused nephrotoxicity in juvenile rats potentially through oxidative damage and ER stress, which call for greater efforts to be taken on regulating the PSMPs ingestion in children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

et al. 2023

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“…Infants and toddlers are more susceptible to potential health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics than adults, making their exposure to these particles and associated health risks a significant concern. A recent study focused on the release of microplastics from polypropylene-based baby feeding bottles during formula preparation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Furthermore, it has been reported that an individual consuming an American diet can ingest between 39,000 and 52,000 pieces of microplastics from food and beverages each year. 10 Infants and toddlers are more susceptible to potential health impacts of micro-and nanoplastics than adults, 11 making their exposure to these particles and associated health risks a significant concern. A recent study focused on the release of microplastics from polypropylene-based baby feeding bottles during formula preparation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Release of Microplastics and Nanoplastics from Plastic Containers and Reusable Food Pouches: Implications for Human Health

Hussain

Romanova

Okur

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigated the release of microplastics and nanoplastics from plastic containers and reusable food pouches under different usage scenarios, using DI water and 3% acetic acid as food simulants for aqueous foods and acidic foods. The results indicated that microwave heating caused the highest release of microplastics and nanoplastics into food compared to other usage scenarios, such as refrigeration or room-temperature storage. It was found that some containers could release as many as 4.22 million microplastic and 2.11 billion nanoplastic particles from only one square centimeter of plastic area within 3 min of microwave heating. Refrigeration and room-temperature storage for over six months can also release millions to billions of microplastics and nanoplastics. Additionally, the polyethylene-based food pouch released more particles than polypropylene-based plastic containers. Exposure modeling results suggested that the highest estimated daily intake was 20.3 ng/kg•day for infants drinking microwaved water and 22.1 ng/kg•day for toddlers consuming microwaved dairy products from polypropylene containers. Furthermore, an in vitro study conducted to assess the cell viability showed that the extracted microplastics and nanoplastics released from the plastic container can cause the death of 76.70 and 77.18% of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) at 1000 μg/mL concentration after exposure of 48 and 72 h, respectively.

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“…Nearly half of this plastic was used for disposable packaging, leading to immense generation of plastic waste. By 2050, global plastic waste is estimated to reach 12 billion tons [ 2 ]. The limited recycling and reuse of plastics result in the continuous accumulation of plastic waste in the environment [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Microplastics Toxic? A Review from Eco-Toxicity to Effects on the Gut Microbiota

et al. 2023

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Emerging studies have presented an initial picture of the toxic effects of exposure to environmental micro- and nanoplastics. They have indicated that micro- and nanoplastics may induce toxicity by leading to oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorders, gene damage, and so forth in environmental organisms, marine invertebrates and vertebrates, and laboratory mouse models. In recent years, micro- and nanoplastics have been discovered in human fecal samples, placentas, lung tissue, and even blood; thus, micro- and nanoplastics pose an alarming and ever-increasing threat to global public health. However, current research on the health effects of micro- and nanoplastics and the possible adverse outcomes in humans has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still warranted to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms. In this paper, we review studies on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity from the perspectives of eco-toxicity, the adverse effects on invertebrates and vertebrates, and the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In addition, we evaluate the toxicological role of micro- and nanoplastic exposure and its potential implications in respect to human health. We also summarize studies regarding preventive strategies. Overall, this review provides insights on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity and its underlying mechanisms, opening up scientific avenues for future in-depth studies.

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Time to Safeguard the Future Generations from the Omnipresent Microplastics

Cited by 9 publications

References 77 publications

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

Assessing the Release of Microplastics and Nanoplastics from Plastic Containers and Reusable Food Pouches: Implications for Human Health

Are Microplastics Toxic? A Review from Eco-Toxicity to Effects on the Gut Microbiota

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