Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Sun, Yi; Chen, Aiming; Zou, Minjie; Zhang, Yichi; Jin, Ling; Li, Yang; Zheng, Danying; Jin, Guangming; Congdon, Nathan

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053805

Cited by 65 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) [1]. The biomechanical response of certain ocular tissues is thought to play a significant role in glaucoma pathogenesis; specifically, elevated IOP causes supra-physiologic mechanical loading of the optic nerve head (ONH) tissues, i.e., lamina cribrosa (LC) and prelaminar tissue (PLT), which has been hypothesized to contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal damage and subsequent vision loss [2]– [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Negative Periocular Pressure on Biomechanics of the Optic Nerve Head and Cornea: A Computational Modeling Study

Safa

Bleeker

Berdahl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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PurposeTo evaluate the effects of negative periocular pressure (NPP), and concomitant intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, on the biomechanics of the optic nerve head (ONH) and cornea.MethodsWe developed a validated finite element (FE) model of the eye to compute tissue biomechanical strains induced in response to NPP delivered using the Multi-Pressure Dial (MPD) system. The model was informed by clinical measurements of IOP lowering and was based on published tissue properties. We also conducted sensitivity analyses by changing pressure loads and tissue properties.ResultsApplication of -7.9 mmHg NPP decreased strain magnitudes in the ONH by c. 50% while increasing corneal strain magnitudes by c. 25%. Comparatively, a similar increase in corneal strain was predicted to occur due to an increase in IOP of 4 mmHg. Sensitivity studies indicated that NPP lowers strain in the ONH by reducing IOP and that these effects persisted over a range of tissue stiffnesses and spatial distributions of NPP.ConclusionsNPP is predicted to considerably decrease ONH strain magnitudes. It also increases corneal strain but to an extent expected to be clinically insignificant. Thus, using NPP to lower IOP and hence decrease ONH mechanical strain is likely biomechanically beneficial for glaucoma patients.Translational RelevanceThis study provides the first description of how NPP affects ONH biomechanics and explains the underlying mechanism of ONH strain reduction. It complements current empirical knowledge about the MPD system and guides future studies of NPP as a treatment for glaucoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Negative Periocular Pressure on Biomechanics of the Optic Nerve Head and Cornea: A Computational Modeling Study

Safa

Bleeker

Berdahl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We graded the visual acuity (VA) concretely, where grade 1 indicated vision ≧ 20/40; grade 2 indicated vision <20/40 to ≧ 20/200; grade 3 indicated vision <20/200 to ≧ 20/400; grade 4 indicated vision count finger (CF) to <20/400, and grade 5 indicated hand motion (HM), light perception (LP), and no light perception (NLP). Based on the criteria of the World Health Organization ( 14 – 17 ), we defined grade 3 as severe visual impairment, while grades 4 and 5 as blindness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis of 96 patients with intraorbital foreign bodies: A 10-year retrospective study

You

Wang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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IntroductionTo investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs).MethodsPatients with IOFBs were enrolled from Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2011 and January 2021. Demographic and clinical information was extracted, including gender, age, cause and entrance of the trauma, material, size and quantity of foreign body, visual function, ocular complications, imaging findings, and surgical intervention. The patients were divided into two groups according to the timeline, group A (from January 2011 to December 2015, n = 39) and group B (from January 2016 to January 2021, n = 57).ResultsThe 96 patients (81 men and 15 women) were enrolled in this series, with a median age of 39.5 (1.6–76.0) years. Work-related injuries were the cause of IOFBs in 45 individuals (46.9%). Three patients (3.3%) presented severe visual impairment, and 39 patients (42.4%) presented blindness. The majority of foreign bodies were metal (44.8%), followed by wood (26.0%). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed, respectively, on 89 (92.7%) and 21 (21.9%) patients with IOFBs, in which the detection rate was 80.9% for CT and 81.0% for MRI. Among the 25 patients with intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs), the utilization and detection rates of MRI were 50.0% and 40.0% in group A, and 93.3% and 92.9% in group B, with significant differences in both rates between the two groups (both P < 0.05). The IOWFBs detection rate in MRI was significantly higher than that in CT (78.9% vs. 45.8% overall and 92.9% vs. 53.5% in group B). The detection rates of IOFBs and IOWFBs in initial surgery were statistically different between the two groups, of which the rates were 84.6% and 40.0% in group A and 98.2% and 93.3% in group B. The reoperation rate of IOWFBs in group B (20.0%) was significantly lower than that in group A (70.0%).ConclusionIOFBs were mainly caused by work-related injuries and might lead to serious visual impairment. The application and detectability of MRI in IOWFBs improved in recent years, and MRI presented better detectability than CT in diagnosing IOWFBs. Thus, MRI should be recommended despite negative CT findings.

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“…У представників усіх рас розповсюдженість ПВКГ збільшується з віком: населення старше 80 років має найвищий ризик розвитку ПВКГ (9,2 %) серед усіх вікових груп, що пов'язано з вищим внутрішньоочним тиском (ВОТ) та меншою товщиною центральної частини рогівки [60]. У 2020 р. глаукома спричинила 11 % усіх випадків сліпоти у світі у віковій групі старше 50 років [55], а глобальна поширеність глаукоми серед людей віком від 40 до 80 років оцінювалася у 3,5 % [27].…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA: MECHANISMS OF PATHOGENESIS AND GENETIC PREDISPOSITION. Review

Maidenko¹

2022

Med. Sci. of Ukr.

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Relevance. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and narrowing of the visual fields in the eyes with a gonioscopic open angle. The main mechanisms of this are increased intraocular pressure (IOP), circulatory disorders, trabecular meshwork (TM), ischemic metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation. However, questions about the role of POAG genetic predisposition remain open. Objective: analysis of current data on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of progressive neuropathy in POAG and the role of genetic predisposition. Methods. The analysis of scientific publications in open international electronic scientometric databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase by keywords (a total of 67 sources). Search depth – 10 years (2012-2022). Results. There are more than 60 million glaucoma patients in the world, 20% of whom have an incurable stage. By 2040, the number of patients is projected to increase to 112 million, with POAG accounting for 75% of cases. Among the main mechanisms of glaucoma, an important role belongs to chronic inflammation and immune damage, which occur in response to ischemic injury. Prolonged inflammatory process leads to hypersecretion of inflammatory mediators and infiltration of inflammatory cells into ischemic tissue, which aggravates the effects of increased IOP and ischemia. It is known that mutations in the gene of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are associated with both infectious and non-infectious diseases, including POAG: activation of TLR4 initiates TM fibrosis, causes increased IOP, activates RGCs apoptosis in the model of acute glaucoma. TLR4 ligands, such as heat shock proteins and lipopolysaccharides are candidate antigens for glaucoma. TLR4 overexpression at retinal microglia and astrocytes induce an innate immune response through NF-κB activation, which enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. A promising direction is to study the contribution of TLR4 mutations to the POAG mechanisms, which will identify the mechanisms of immune disorders and establish the genetic risk of individual mutations in different ethnic groups.

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Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

The Effects of Negative Periocular Pressure on Biomechanics of the Optic Nerve Head and Cornea: A Computational Modeling Study

The Effects of Negative Periocular Pressure on Biomechanics of the Optic Nerve Head and Cornea: A Computational Modeling Study

Clinical analysis of 96 patients with intraorbital foreign bodies: A 10-year retrospective study

PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA: MECHANISMS OF PATHOGENESIS AND GENETIC PREDISPOSITION. Review

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