Tinea capitis in schoolchildren from lvory Coast (western Africa). A 1998-1999 cross-sectional study

Menan, Eby Ignace Hervé; Zongo-Bonou, Odette; Raffi, François; Kiki-Barro, Pulchérie Christiane; Yavo, William; Nguessan, Francois; Koné, Moussa

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01456.x

Cited by 66 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Tinea capitis with gray patch ringworm is common in children and is frequently caused by Microsporum langeronii (ML) (anthropophilic species) in Africa [4][5][6][7][8], explaining the recurrence of outbreaks among the poorest countries [2,3,9]. However, very few reports concerning fungi infection in Madagascar and especially dermatophytes have been published [10] even though dermatophyte outbreaks occur frequently in Madagascar primary schools, especially in public primary schools where the children come from the poorest families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All 42 children were interviewed and the questionnaire was administered in person by Pasteur Institute physicians who completed the questionnaire on their behalf. Analysis of data was done using Epi-Info 6 (CDC, Atlanta, USA) software [5]. Follow-up examinations were performed after four weeks.…”

Section: Epidemiological Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of tinea capitis in developed countries has clearly declined following improvements in socioeconomic conditions, the introduction of griseofulvin for treatment, and also the introduction of adequate school surveillance programs [1]. In Africa, however, tinea capitis continues to be an important public health problem [4][5][6][7][8], where it has been reported to affect 10% to 30% of school-aged children [3]. This condition is still under-described in Madagascar despite its significant prevalence [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Carod

Ratsitorahina

Raherimandimby

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Tinea capitis is common among schoolchildren in developing countries but underreported in Madagascar. We report the occurrence of an outbreak of gray patch tinea capitis due to Microsporum langeronii in a public primary school of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar. Methodology: Forty-two children were included, 27 (64%) of them presenting with tinea capitis and 32 (76%) with Tinea corporis. Patients were treated with griseofulvin 500 mg and Povidone-iodine 4% and followed up for four weeks. Results: Twenty-five (93%) of the 27 children with tinea capitis presented a gray patch as the main clinical feature. All these cases were fluorescent under Wood's UV light and positive in cultures for M. langeronii. All 27 children reported a contact with infected classmates, and 19 (70%) reported to have infected brothers and sisters at home. After four weeks of treatment, all patients recovered. Conclusion: Appropriate treatment and improved hygienic practices reduced the occurrence of tinea in the studied school and no more cases of tinea capitis or corporis occurred after the outbreak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Carod

Ratsitorahina

Raherimandimby

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Both species have their unique phenotypes and geographic distributions (25,27). T. violaceum was found to be the most common cause of tinea capitis in countries of West Asia and North Africa (1, 7), while T. soudanense is the most common cause of tinea capitis in schoolchildren of the Ivory Coast (32). Some mycologists refrain from introducing formal nomenclature changes of these dermatophytes (30) and proposed that sequencing of multiple genes should be used for the classification of these pathogens (9,40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Dermatophytes by an Oligonucleotide Array

Li¹,

Bouchara

Hsu

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Species of dermatophytes are classified into three anamorphic (asexual) genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. Conventional methods used to identify dermatophytes are often lengthy and may be inconclusive because of atypical microscopic or colony morphology. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and ITS-2 sequences of the rRNA genes, an oligonucleotide array was developed to identify 17 dermatophyte species. The method consisted of PCR amplification of the ITS regions using universal primers, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR products to an array of oligonucleotides (17-to 30-mers) immobilized on a nylon membrane. Of 198 dermatophyte strains and 90 nontarget strains tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the array were 99.5% and 97.8%, respectively. The only strain not identified (Microsporum audouinii LMA 597) was found to have a nucleotide insertion at the ITS-2 region where the probe was designed. Two nontarget strains, Microsporum equinum LMA 40396666 and Trichophyton gourvilii var. intermedium CBS 170.65, were misidentified as Microsporum canis and Trichophyton soudanense, respectively. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions revealed that the two misidentified strains displayed high sequence homology with the probes designed for M. canis and T. soudanense, respectively. The present method can be used as a reliable alternative to conventional identification methods and can be completed with isolated colonies within 24 h.

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“…By the 1970s to 1980s Trichophyton tonsurans, another anthropophilic dermatophyte, had become the most common cause of tinea capitis (21), and it now causes more than 95% of these infections in the United States (7). By contrast, species such as Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense, which are common causes of tinea capitis in parts of Africa and West Asia (5,15,24,25,35), have rarely been isolated from patients in the United States. Among 14,696 dermatophytes isolated from patients at 54 locations throughout the United States from 1985 through 1987, only 12 were identified as T. violaceum and only 2 were identified as T. soudanense (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

Magill¹,

Manfredi

Swiderski

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Tinea capitis is of public health importance because of its transmissibility. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense , which are common causes of tinea capitis in parts of Africa and West Asia, have only rarely been reported to cause dermatophytoses in the United States. We identified 24 patients with 25 positive cultures for T. violaceum or T. soudanense that were processed in a single hospital laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2006. Most patients for whom clinical information was available had tinea capitis. There was a marked increase in the isolation of these organisms between the period from 2000 to 2002 and the period from 2003 to 2006, possibly associated with changes in immigration to the Baltimore metropolitan area. The changing epidemiology of this transmissible fungal infection not only is of public health interest as an example of the introduction of a “new” pathogen to an area where it traditionally was not endemic but also is of clinical and microbiological importance given reports suggesting an increasing incidence of tinea capitis in some areas and increasing clinical failure rates of current therapies.

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Tinea capitis in schoolchildren from lvory Coast (western Africa). A 1998-1999 cross-sectional study

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Identification of Dermatophytes by an Oligonucleotide Array

Isolation of Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Baltimore, Maryland

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