Tinea pedis: an updated review

Abstract

Background Tinea pedis is one of the most common superficial fungal infections of the skin, with various clinical manifestations. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of tinea pedis. Methods A search was conducted in April 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms ‘tinea pedis’ OR ‘athlete’s foot’. The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies and reviews published in English within the past 10 years. Results Tinea pedis is most often caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale . It is estimated that approximately 3% of the world population have tinea pedis. The prevalence is higher in adolescents and adults than in children. The peak age incidence is between 16 and 45 years of age. Tinea pedis is more common amongst males than females. Transmission amongst family members is the most common route, and transmission can also occur through indirect contact with contaminated belongings of the affected patient. Three main clinical forms of tinea pedis are recognized: interdigital, hyperkeratotic (moccasin-type) and vesiculobullous (inflammatory). The accuracy of clinical diagnosis of tinea pedis is low. A KOH wet-mount examination of skin scrapings of the active border of the lesion is recommended as a point-of-care testing. The diagnosis can be confirmed, if necessary, by fungal culture or culture-independent molecular tools of skin scrapings. Superficial or localized tinea pedis usually responds to topical antifungal therapy. Oral antifungal therapy should be reserved for severe disease, failed topical antifungal therapy, concomitant presence of onychomycosis or in immunocompromised patients. Conclusion Topical antifungal therapy (once to twice daily for 1–6 weeks) is the mainstay of treatment for superficial or localized tinea pedis. Examples of topical antifungal agents include allylamines (e.g. terbinafine), azoles (e.g. ketoconazole), benzylamine, ciclopirox, tolnaftate and amorolfine. Oral antifungal agents used for the treatment of tinea pedis include terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole. Combined therapy with topical and oral antifungals may increase the cure rate. The prognosis is good with appropriate antifungal treatment. Untreated, the lesions may persist and progress.

Analisis Faktor Risiko Tinea Pedis Pada Pengguna Sepatu Boots

“…2 Tinea pedis (umumnya dikenal sebagai kutu air pada kaki atau 'athlete's foot') mengacu pada infeksi jamur superfisial pada kulit kaki yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh dermatofita yang menyebabkan suatu kondisi yang disebut dermatofitosis. 3 Tinea pedis dapat menginfeksi kulit pada bagian sela-sela jari kaki, telapak kaki, pungkung kaki (dorsum pedis) dan bagian lateral kaki. 6,22 Trichophyton rubrum adalah organisme yang paling umum yang bertanggung jawab atas infeksi tersebut.…”

“…Kondisi ini lebih umum terjadi di negara-negara industri dengan rasio pria dan wanita adalah sekitar 3:1. 3 Ini mungkin disebabkan terhadap peningkatan aktivitas lakilaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan di berbagai negara di seluruh dunia. 4 Tinea pedis diklasifikasikan menjadi empat tipe klinis: interdigital, moccasin, inflamasi, dan ulseratif.…”

“…Di sisi lain, penularan juga dapat terjadi melalui kontak tidak langsung dengan barang-barang yang terkontaminasi (misalnya sepatu, kaus kaki, tempat tidur) dari individu yang terkena penyakit. 3 Tinea pedis sering menyerang orang dewasa usia 20-50 tahun yang berkerja di tempat basah seperti tukang cuci mobil dan motor, petani, pemungut sampah atau orang yang setiap hari harus memakai sepatu tertutup. 7 Tinea pedis dipengaruhi dengan beberapa keadaan seperti iklim tropis, banyak keringat, dan lembab.…”