Tissue and blood superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels in different clinical severities of acne vulgaris

Abstract

Oxidative stress exists in patients with acne vulgaris and may play a role in aetiopathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. The addition of drugs with antioxidative effects seems to be valuable in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Immunology of Psoriasis

“…For example, TNF serves to induce CCL20, which leads to myeloid DCs and T17 recruitment (IL-17-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells) as well as to neutrophil recruitment by keratinocyte-derived CXCL chemokines. IFN-γ can induce CXCL10 and CXCL11 in keratinocytes, leading to recruitment of Th1 cells, while also increasing synthesis of Mx-1 and other antiviral gene products in keratinocytes (12). Activated keratinocytes can also synthesize thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is considered a likely initiator of Th2-centered immune responsesin the skin (13).…”

“…Likewise, activation of IL-17-producing T cells, leading to IL-17 release, activates CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8/IL-8 synthesis, leading to recruitment of more IL-17-producing T cells and neutrophils into the skin. IL-17 is also a strong inducer for synthesis of AMPs in keratinocytes (12). Activation of Th22 cells results in increased production of IL-22, which can induce keratinocyte hyperplasia (14).…”

“…In a similar experimental design, IL-22 was shown to promote innate immunity, partially via upregulation of gene expression for keratinocyte AMPs (86). The main cell type expressing IL-17R in psoriasis is keratinocytes; however, IL-17 regulates a surprisingly small list of only 35–40 genes in human keratinocytes (12). Now, we and others have curated gene sets for keratinocyte responses to cytokines found in psoriasis, alone and in combinations, including IL-17, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1, IFN-α, and IL-22 (12, 87–89).…”

“…The main cell type expressing IL-17R in psoriasis is keratinocytes; however, IL-17 regulates a surprisingly small list of only 35–40 genes in human keratinocytes (12). Now, we and others have curated gene sets for keratinocyte responses to cytokines found in psoriasis, alone and in combinations, including IL-17, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1, IFN-α, and IL-22 (12, 87–89). Many of these gene sets are enriched in the psoriatic transcriptome (90).…”

Topical Retinoids in Skin Ageing: A Focused Update with Reference to Sun-Induced Epidermal Vitamin A Deficiency

“…These short-lived molecules, as well as their oxidation products on biomolecules, activate various signalling pathways such as MAPK/JAK/STAT, NF-κB and AP-1, leading to inflammation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis [78,79,80,81,82]. Involvement of oxidative stress is well documented in skin diseases such as psoriasis [83], atopic dermatitis [82,84], vitiligo [85,86], acne [87,88] and contact dermatitis [82,89], as well as skin ageing [90,91,92]. …”