Tissue Damage, Temperature, and pH Induced by Different Electrode Arrays on Potato Pieces (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Abstract

One of the most challenging problems of electrochemical therapy is the design and selection of suitable electrode array for cancer. The aim is to determine how two-dimensional spatial patterns of tissue damage, temperature, and pH induced in pieces of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., var. Mondial) depend on electrode array with circular, elliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic shape. The results show the similarity between the shapes of spatial patterns of tissue damage and electric field intensity, which, like temperature and pH take the same shape of electrode array. The adequate selection of suitable electrodes array requires an integrated analysis that involves, in a unified way, relevant information about the electrochemical process, which is essential to perform more efficiently way the therapeutic planning and the personalized therapy for patients with a cancerous tumor.

Efficacy of direct current generated by multiple-electrode arrays on F3II mammary carcinoma: experiment and mathematical modeling

“…This cannot be obtained if we focus separately in theoretical or experimental results. That is why, we addresses our efforts to report works that integrate both results, as this study, which confirms that the knowledge and therapeutic of the cancer is in the frontier of oncology, mathematics, physics, biophysics and other sciences, as the results reported in [9,14,27,29] suggest. In addition, this integrated analysis of experimental results and those that provide mathematical modeling will ensure communication in the shortest time between basic and clinical science and the proposal of an optimal personalized therapy.…”

Glucose oxidase and metal catalysts combined tumor synergistic therapy: mechanism, advance and nanodelivery system

“…O 2 -enhanced ST/EDT Electrochemical dynamic therapy (EDT) involves the insertion of electrodes directly into tumors to induce significant pH changes in the surrounding tissue, leading to tumor ablation [92]. However, the limited treatment area and complex electrode configurations restrict its application [93]. In contrast, EDT relies on a direct current to induce the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in tumors, causing oxidative stress and tumor damage.…”

Spatial distributions of electric field, temperature, and pH generated by multiple electrode arrays

“…The se electrode configurations have been experimentally validated in tumors, 10,11,16 potato, 17,18 and in silico. 18 Other electrode geometries have been used, in in vitro studies, 6,19 preclinical 5,20,21 and clinical. 9 From theorical paint of view, the multiple pairs of non-collinear electrodes induce the higher values of PDT (more than 80%), with respect to the multiple individual electrodes inserted collinearly along the diameter of the tumor because the pairs of electrodes induce the highest values of the electric field and the temperature in the tumor.…”

“…Around the cathode (negative electrode) the formation of sodium hydroxide is reported, dehydration of the tissue, release of hydrogen gas and induction of necrosis. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] pH fronts are extended in space and time during the application of EChT, when the distance between electrodes increases 18 However, the effectiveness of this therapy decreases when this distance is greater than 3 cm and there is short-circuiting for one distance between electrodes less than 0.5 cm. 24 The electrode spacing of 3 cm is has been used in the experiment to reveal the different findings around the anode, cathode and in regions between and away from these electrodes.…”

“…24 The electrode spacing of 3 cm is has been used in the experiment to reveal the different findings around the anode, cathode and in regions between and away from these electrodes. 20 The distance of 1 cm is the most widely used in preclinical studies 10,11,16,19,21,23,24 and clinical, 9 and potato. 17,18 However, the optimal distance between collinear electrodes is 0.7 cm.…”