Tissue oximetry by diffusive reflective visible light spectroscopy: Comparison of algorithms and their robustness

Abstract

It is essential to measure tissue oxygen saturation (StO ) locally and in thin layers of tissue, for example, the bronchial mucosa, skin flaps and small bones. Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) with a shallow penetration depth is suitable method. Although several VLS algorithms have been developed and described, they have not yet been compared to each other. This hinders attempts to compare the clinical results obtained by different algorithms. To address this issue, we compared the algorithms of Harrison, Knoefel, Pittman-Duling, Sato and our OxyVLS oximeter, which applies the algorithm from Wodick and Lübbers, in a liquid phantom with optical properties of human tissue. We generally observed considerable differences between the algorithms, which were StO dependent. Exceptions were OxyVLS and Sato, showing a high level of agreement with negligible StO dependency. In spite of the considerable deviation between the other algorithms, the difference of StO between them in clinically normal StO was <10%. We did not observe any dependency of the algorithms on hemoglobin content of the phantom or temperature.

Skin Pigmentation Influence on Pulse Oximetry Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis

“…New non-invasive methods that can be applied in laboratory tests for patients or healthy adults as athletes for accurate monitoring of health variables have been developed in recent years. These methods include heart rate determination by electrocardiography, photoplethysmography (PPG) [1,2], light spectroscopy [3], and pulse oximetry [4][5][6]. PPG is an optical, simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for detecting arterial pulsation for measuring changes in blood volume according to the amount of incident light reflected or transmitted [7,8].…”