Tissue reaction to three different types of tissue glues in an experimental aorta dissection model: a quantitative approach

Abstract

Tissue glues are used during surgical treatment of acute aorta dissection although some glues release toxic products and thus alter the histological structure of the vessel wall. The aim of our study was to use a porcine experimental model of infrarenal aorta dissection to compare histological changes of the vessel wall 1, 6 and 12 months after application of BioGlue, Gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde (GRF) glue and Tissucol. For quantification, stereological methods were used. All types of glue caused stenosis, GRF most and Tissucol least severely. With increasing postoperative survival time, stenosis was again reduced. Elastine length density decreased with increasing survival time in Control as well as in all Experimental groups. The immunohistochemical phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells was similar in Tissucol and Control samples. In GRF samples, actin, desmin and vimentin expression changed most severely. Similarly, number and distribution of vasa vasorum in the aortic wall was altered most severely in GRF samples. They tended to return to normal with increasing postoperative survival time, but at a slow rate in the GRF samples. It can be concluded that GRF causes the most severe histopathological changes within the treated aorta, which could be a reason for late failures of dissection surgery. However, glue handling and adhesive properties have to be taken into account, too, when certain glue is chosen for surgical intervention. Increased inflammation and vascularisation might even stabilise the aortic wall. Long-term experimental studies would be helpful to assess healing processes after initial disorganisation of the aortic wall structure.

Asymptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Show Histological Signs of Progression: A Quantitative Histochemical Analysis

“…All of the methods used in this study have recently been established, evaluated, and described in detail [[32], [33]; for an explanation of the techniques, see [34]]. Sampling of histological sections, microscopic image fields, definition of the reference area and the total area of the sections used for estimating the quantitative parameters are summarised in table 2.…”

“…Additional sections were processed immunohistochemically. The VSMC phenotype was characterised based on immunopositivity for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin; with actin and desmin characterising predominantly contractile VSMC, and vimentin the predominantly synthetic phenotype [32]. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect granulocytes, macrophages and regulators of fibrinolysis, including uPA, tPA, PAI-1 and vasa vasorum endothelium.…”

Initial stability of two different adhesives compared to suture repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture—A biomechanical evaluation

“…Free glutaraldehyde might be released from the glue either spontaneously or under the influence of tissue restructuring, thus exerting cytotoxic effects on the surrounding tissue [33]. Besides causing cell death, BioGlue® is also known, in some circumstances, to inhibit fibroblast growth, enhance propensity of tissues for mineralisation and facilitate foreign body giant cell reaction [33].…”

“…However, it may evoke immune reactions, especially if applied repeatedly. Additionally, since human plasma is used, it does bear a risk of infection [33].…”

Histochemistry and cell biology: the annual review 2010

“…Morevover, the approach not only allowed muscle plasticities to be studied, but may also be applied to species-related typiWcation purposes. Witter et al (2010) used a porcine experimental model of infrarenal aorta dissection to examine the eVect of diVerent tissue glues on Wbre composition, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype, free vessel lumen and the cells of the immune system 12 months postoperative survival. The tissue glues applied contained either glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde as protein cross-linking molecules or were based on Wbrin.…”