Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells shape local and systemic secondary T cell responses

Memory CD8+ T cell heterogeneity is primarily driven by pathogen-specific cues and additionally shaped by the tissue environment

“…The latter is of interest, because these resident CD8 + T cells contribute significantly to local immunity (Gebhardt et al, 2009;Masopust et al, 2010;Steinert et al, 2015). More recently, T RM cells have been found to be able to re-enter the circulation upon re-activation, thus subsets of these cells still have recirculation capacity and this contributes to systemic immunity (Behr et al, 2020;Fonseca et al, 2020). We and others observed remarkable distinct T RM cell formation upon chronic LCMV clone 13 infection.…”

Induction of Progenitor Exhausted Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Upon Salmonella Typhi Porins Adjuvant Immunization Correlates With Melanoma Control and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Cooperation

“…Other authors support circulating CD4 + and CD8 + T cell memory formation as early as 3–5 days after antigen encounter ( 47 – 49 ). We were also able to induce a lasting Trm population, but to achieve an effective anti-tumoral response independently of circulating memory T cells ( 37 , 38 ), it required a prime/boost scheme most likely to sustain the numbers of Trm cells required for protection ( 28 , 43 , 50 , 51 ). Furthermore, we also observed a long-lasting protective memory when we re-challenged tumor free mice, which remained healthy for additional 70 days.…”

How could we forget immunometabolism in SARS-CoV2 infection or COVID-19?

“…These T rms have high levels of effector molecules (ZNF683 or Zinc finger protein 683, XCL1 also called lymphotactin, which acts as an adjuvant to recruit antigen (Ag) presenting DCs for inducing effector and memory CD8 þ T cells, integrin subunit alpha E (ITGAE) or CD103 that plays a crucial role in T rms , and CXCR6) [29,32,33]. These T rms play a novel role in shaping local and systemic secondary T cells responses [34]. For example, the majority of COVID-19 patients recovered exhibit neutralizing IgG antibody and also have anti-RBD IgM and IgA antibodies [35,36].…”