Tissue-specific expression of human provirus ERV3 mRNA in human placenta: two of the three ERV3 mRNAs contain human cellular sequences

Kato, Naoya; Pfeifer-Ohlsson, Susan; Kato, Michimasa; Larsson, Erik; Rydnert, Jan; Ohlsson, Rolf; Cohen, Maurice

doi:10.1128/jvi.61.7.2182-2191.1987

Cited by 138 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Kato et al (89) analyzed the expression of ERV-3 in placental tissues. Three polyadenylated RNAs, 9, 7.3, and 3.5 kb long, were abundant in the human placenta chorion.…”

Section: Erv-1 and Erv-3 (Herv-r): Single-copy Type Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease

Urnovitz¹,

Murphy²

1996

Clin Microbiol Rev

175

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Retroviral diagnostics have become standard in human laboratory medicine. While current emphasis is placed on the human exogenous viruses (human immunodeficiency virus and human T-cell leukemia virus), evidence implicating human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in various human disease entities continues to mount. Literature on the occurrence of HERVs in human tissues and cells was analyzed. Substantial evidence documents that retrovirus particles were clearly demonstrable in various tissues and cells in both health and disease and were abundant in the placenta and that their occurrence could be implicated in some of the reproductive diseases. The characteristics of HERVs are summarized, mechanisms of replication and regulation are outlined, and the consistent hormonal responsiveness of HERVs is noted. Clear evidence implicating HERV gene products as participants in glomerulonephritis in some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus is adduced. Data implicating HERVs as etiologic factors in reproductive diseases, in some of the autoimmune diseases, in some forms of rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue disease, in psoriasis, and in some of the inflammatory neurologic diseases are reviewed. The current major needs are to improve methods for HERV detection, to identify the most appropriate HERV prototypes, and to develop diagnostic reagents so that the putative biologic and pathologic roles of HERVs can be better evaluated.

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“…Kato et al (89) analyzed the expression of ERV-3 in placental tissues. Three polyadenylated RNAs, 9, 7.3, and 3.5 kb long, were abundant in the human placenta chorion.…”

Section: Erv-1 and Erv-3 (Herv-r): Single-copy Type Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease

Urnovitz¹,

Murphy²

1996

Clin Microbiol Rev

175

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“…ERV-3/HERV-R is a human, single-copy ERV sequence related to MoMuLV. Kato et al (1987) have shown that in placenta ERV-3 is transcribed into three mRNA species which start 5' LTR and contain the env\ the larger two transcripts contain a human cellular gene at the 3' end. Although this ERV is abundantly expressed in normal placenta, almost complete down-regulation has been observed in choriocarcinoma cell lines (Kato et al 1988).…”

Section: Retrovirus Transregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Roles of Endogenous Retroviruses in Autoimmunity

Nakagawa

Harrison²

1996

Immunological Reviews

115

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are estimated to comprise up to 1% of human DNA. While the genome of many ERVs is interrupted by termination codons, deletions or frame shift mutations, some ERVs are transcriptionally active and recent studies reveal protein expression or particle formation by human ERVs. ERVs have been implicated as aetiological agents of autoimmune disease, because of their structural and sequence similarities to exogenous retroviruses associated with immune dysregulation and their tissue-specific or differentiation-dependent expression. In fact, retrovirus-like particles distinct from those of known exogenous retroviruses and immune responses to ERV proteins have been observed in autoimmune disease. Quantitatively or structurally aberrant expression of normally cryptic ERVs, induced by environmental or endogenous factors, could initiate autoimmunity through direct or indirect mechanisms. ERVs may lead to immune dysregulation as insertional mutagens or cis-regulatory elements of cellular genes involved in immune function. ERVs may also encode elements like tax in human T-lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) or tat in human immunodeficiency virus-I (HIV-I) that are capable of transactivating cellular genes. More directly, human ERV gene products themselves may be immunologically active, by analogy with the superantigen activity in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) and the non-specific immunosuppressive activity in mammalian type C retrovirus env protein. Alternatively, increased expression of an ERV protein, or expression of a novel ERV protein not expressed in the thymus during acquisition of immune tolerance, may lead to its perception as a neoantigen. Paraneoplastic syndromes raise the possibility that novel ERV-encoded epitopes expressed by a tumour elicit immunity to cross-reactive epitopes in normal tissues. Recombination events between different but related ERVs, to whose products the host is immunologically tolerant, may also generate new antigenic determinants. Frequently reported humoral immunity to exogenous retrovirus proteins in autoimmune disease could be elicited by cross-reactive ERV proteins. A review of the evidence implicating ERVs in immune dysfunction leads to the conclusion that direct molecular studies are likely to establish a pathogenic role for ERVs in autoimmune disease.

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“…Transcriptional levels of ERV3 and A4 1 were heterogeneous among the test subjects; some RA patients expressed high levels of each mRNA in both fresh synovial tissues and cultured synovial cells, while others expressed low or undetectable levels. Two molecular species of ERV3 mRNAs with 9 0 kb and 3 5 kb were detected in fresh synovial tissues and cultured synovial cells, but the 7-3-kb transcript could not be detected; this was reported to be a specific ERV3 mRNA in placentas [20]. Fresh synovial tissues, cultured synovial cells, and PBMC from RA patients and healthy volunteers expressed a 4 2-kb A4-1 mRNA, which was not found in placentas; hence, alternative splicing may occur in different tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Expression of endogenous retroviruses, ERV3 and λ4–1, in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Takeuchi

Katsumata

Ikeda

et al. 1995

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY We addressed the question of whether or not expression of human endogenous retroviruses (ERV). ERV3 and λ4–1, is related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In genomic Southern hybridization, there were no significant differences between RA patients and healthy volunteers with regard to frequencies of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, for either ERV3 or λ4–1. By Northern blot analysis using fresh synovial tissues, cultured synovial cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with RA, we noted two molecular species of ERV3 mRNAs of 3·5 kb and 9·0 kb sizes, and one single molecular species of λ4–1 mRNAs of 4·2 kb size. The expression was detected not only in RA patients but also in synovial cells from osteoarthritis (OA) as a non‐RA control and PBMC from healthy volunteers, and was not related to RA activities or treatments. Although ERV3 and λ4–1 expression may not be directly associated with the pathogenic pathway of RA, the possibility exists that human ERV may have a causative role in autoimmune diseases, including RA. We also examined the effect of cytokines on the transcriptional regulation of ERV3. Although the level of ERV3 expression in cultured synovial cells did not change with IL‐1β treatment, the level for cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells (hKEC) was up‐regulated.

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Tissue-specific expression of human provirus ERV3 mRNA in human placenta: two of the three ERV3 mRNAs contain human cellular sequences

Cited by 138 publications

References 34 publications

Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease

Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease

The Potential Roles of Endogenous Retroviruses in Autoimmunity

Expression of endogenous retroviruses, ERV3 and λ4–1, in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

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