Tissue-Specific mRNA Expression Profiles of Human Toll-Like Receptors and Related Genes

Nishimura, Masuhiro; Naito, Shinsaku

doi:10.1248/bpb.28.886

Cited by 397 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On further analysis, we found that in parallel to studies in human tissues, the endogenous expression of these genes in mock-injected animals was significantly higher in the spleen than in the liver, and in most cases was also significantly higher compared with lung tissue. 66 It is possible that because these genes are already expressed at high levels in this tissue, their induction by systemically injected Ads is either less significant, or limited to only a low percentage of spleen cells, and thus not detectable by the methods utilized in this study.…”

Section: Had3 and Sad23 Activate Complement In Human Serummentioning

confidence: 97%

Wild-type adenoviruses from groups A–F evoke unique innate immune responses, of which HAd3 and SAd23 are partially complement dependent

et al. 2008

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Section: Had3 and Sad23 Activate Complement In Human Serummentioning

confidence: 97%

Wild-type adenoviruses from groups A–F evoke unique innate immune responses, of which HAd3 and SAd23 are partially complement dependent

et al. 2008

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“…By contrast, cytokine response to TLR ligands by primary cultures of MGT organs still has not been fully studied. Nishimura & Naito (2005) showed the presence of TLR1-TLR10 mRNA in human testes by real-time PCR. In addition, Palladino et al (2007) showed TLR1-9 mRNA and protein in testes, epididymis and vas deferens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Innate immunity in the male genital tract: Chlamydia trachomatis induces keratinocyte-derived chemokine production in prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/vas deferens primary cultures

Mackern-Oberti

Maccioni

Breser

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Innate immunity in the male genital tract: Chlamydia trachomatis induces keratinocyte-derived chemokine production in prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/vas deferens primary cultures Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular pathogen that infects mucosal epithelial cells, causing persistent infections. Although chronic inflammation is a hallmark of chlamydial disease, the proinflammatory mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Little is known about how innate immunity in the male genital tract (MGT) responds to C. trachomatis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors of the innate immunity that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present in bacteria, viruses, yeasts and parasites. The study of TLR expression in the MGT has been poorly investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) response of MGT primary cultures from C57BL/6 mice to C. trachomatis and different PAMPs. KC production by prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/ vas deferens cell cultures was determined by ELISA in culture supernatants. TLR2, 3, 4 and 9 agonists induced the production of KC by all MGT primary cultures assayed. In addition, we analysed the host response against C. trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum. Chlamydial LPS (cLPS) as well as C. trachomatis and C. muridarum infection induced KC secretion by all MGT cell cultures analysed. Differences in KC levels were observed between cultures, suggesting specific sensitivity against pathogens among MGT tissues. Chemokine secretion was observed after stimulation of seminal vesicle cells with TLR agonists, cLPS and C. trachomatis. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing KC production by seminal vesicle cells after stimulation with TLR ligands, C. trachomatis or C. muridarum antigens. These results indicate that different receptors of the innate immunity are present in the MGT. Understanding specific immune responses, both innate and adaptive, against chlamydial infections, mounted in each tissue of the MGT, will be crucial to design new therapeutic approaches where innate and/or adaptive immunity would be targeted.

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“…TLR 5 toll-like receptor; PBS 5 phosphate-buffered saline; PRV 5 pseudorabies virus. and accessory glands of the man and male mice (Nishimura and Naito, 2005). The stimulation of TLR by virus leads to expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Zhang et al, 2007) and ultimately results in inflammation (Unterholzner and Bowie, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

Lin

Fang

et al. 2012

Animal

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine (Thr) supplement on reproductive performance and immune function of the male mice challenged with pseudorabies virus (PRV). Kun-Ming male mice were assigned randomly to four groups with different Thr levels (0.70%, 0.88%, 1.10% and 1.30%). Half of the mice in each group were injected with PRV or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after 5 weeks' adaptation to diets. The second experiment examined the effects of dietary Thr level on copulation rate, pregnancy rate and average number per litter of PRV-or PBS-challenged male mice that copulated with adult female mice on the 9th day post PRV challenge. Sperm quality and testosterone of mice were decreased after PRV infection, but this effect was attenuated by increasing Thr levels. Copulation and conception rates were increased with increasing Thr levels (P 5 0.14), but litter size was not affected (P . 0.05). In the PBS and PRV groups, mice fed higher levels of Thr had increased immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM concentrations. The PRV-specific antibody level, interleukin (IL)-1b and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a concentration in PRV groups enhanced with increasing Thr levels; however, there was no difference in PBS groups. Furthermore, higher toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 expressions in testis were observed by PRV challenge compared with PBS groups, and higher Thr supplement attenuated PRV-challenged induced the upregulation effect of TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA expression in testis (P , 0.05). These data suggest that higher Thr consumption was recommended in order to counteract the deleterious effects of virus invasion, possibly through the downregulated expression of TLRs, and thus to improve immunity and reproduction performance of male mice challenged with PRV.

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Tissue-Specific mRNA Expression Profiles of Human Toll-Like Receptors and Related Genes

Cited by 397 publications

References 21 publications

Wild-type adenoviruses from groups A–F evoke unique innate immune responses, of which HAd3 and SAd23 are partially complement dependent

Wild-type adenoviruses from groups A–F evoke unique innate immune responses, of which HAd3 and SAd23 are partially complement dependent

Innate immunity in the male genital tract: Chlamydia trachomatis induces keratinocyte-derived chemokine production in prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/vas deferens primary cultures

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

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