Tissue typing by skin grafting during metamorphosis of the toadXenopus laevis (Daudin)

Chardonnens, X

doi:10.1007/bf01990725

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…On the other hand, the genetic basis of graft rejection in young tadpoles has never been investigated thoroughly. Typing at, or soon before, metamorphosis [30] goes along with MHC [ll], but at this time the lymphocytes are XLA-positive. It is still not excluded that earlier graft rejection could be controlled by loci other than the MHC, or by MHC antigens expressed on the skin but not on lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of immunity in amphibians: Changes in antibody repertoires and appearance of adult major histocompatibility antigens in Xenopus

Pasquier¹,

Blomberg²,

Bernard³

1979

Eur J Immunol

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Larval Xenopus anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibodies of the low-molecular weight type can be analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Within a clone of genetically identical animals, tadpoles make antibodies whose IEF spectrotypes are shared by most of the individuals. Adults of the same clone also make antibodies of identical spectrotype, but the adult pattern can be very different from the larval one, although both responses are heterogeneous. The larval spectrotypes that one cannot see in a primary adult response can be found if the adult has been primed during larval life and boosted after metamorphosis. The heterogeneity of the response is somewhat lower in tadpoles (up to 12 antibody IEF bands) than in adults (up to 20 antibody IEF bands). The change in the repertoire occurs during metamorphosis at the time of the appearance of two major histocompatibility complex antigens. One, a lymphocyte antigen, appears 10-15 days before the end of metamorphosis, the other, present on red cells (and presumably also on lymphocytes), appears 1.5 month after the end of metamorphosis, as determined by immunofluorescence analysis. During the same period, the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction switches from a larval anti-adult to an adult anti-larval reaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of immunity in amphibians: Changes in antibody repertoires and appearance of adult major histocompatibility antigens in Xenopus

Pasquier¹,

Blomberg²,

Bernard³

1979

Eur J Immunol

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“…Allotollerance of skin grafts is easily induced in larvae but not adults (32)(33)(34)(35). To investigate mechanisms underling this larval tolerance, MHC-identical clones (19,36) or MHC-homozygous inbred strains, J (j/j) (37), K (k/k) (38) and F (f/f) (39) were established for applying skin transplantation techniques. LG clones were obtained from endoreduplicated Xenopus hybrid clones between a female of Xenopus laevis and a male of Xenopus gilli, so called LG.…”

Section: Tolerance Induced In Larvae But Not In Adult Xenopusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune system is involved in Xenopus metamorphosis

Izutsu

2009

Front Biosci

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Amphibian metamorphosis provides a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying how vertebrates reconstitute a body plan and how the immune system develops during ontogeny. In Xenopus, T cells are expanded from the early developmental stages just after hatching. These T cells switch from larval-type in an easily tolerizable state into an adult-type having a potent immune responsiveness comparable to that of mammals. During metamorphosis, tadpoles exhibit morphological changes in skin that completely transforms from larval-type to adult-type. Only tail tissue behaves differently; it remains a larval-type tissue until it disappears at the end of metamorphosis. Thus, at metamorphic climax, four different types of cells co-exist in a tadpole body: larval tissue cells; adult tissue cells; larval immune cells; and adult immune cells. Based on the results showing that tadpole tail skin is rejected by syngeneic adult, it is proposed that the elimination of the larval tissue cells by the adult T cells that occurs during metamorphosis is immunologically mediated. Recent results indicate that the antigenic proteins expressed in the metamorphosing skin cells participate in the process of tail regression. This chapter describes how animals adjust and survive through such crises associated with large scale replacement of entire body cells.

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“…Therefore, once a T cell response is initiated against the third party graft that response can also be cross-reactive to the tolerized graft. Thus, it appears that during metamorphosis X. laevis larvae are capable of inducing active allotolerance against certain H loci shared by the different outbred X. laevis used (Chardonnens and Du Pasquier 1973;Chardonnens 1975). On the other hand, allograft tolerance capacity was found to occur also at premetamorphic stages (Table 2) when more genetically defined and homogeneous animals were used (DiMarzo 1980;DiMarzo and Cohen 1982a;DiMarzo and Cohen 1982b).…”

Section: Immune Response and Allotolerance In X Laevis Larvae To Minmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although early experiments have indicated that during metamorphosis allotolerance is induced to minor H-Ags (Chardonnens and Du Pasquier 1973;Chardonnens 1975;DiMarzo 1980;DiMarzo and Cohen 1982a;DiMarzo and Cohen 1982b), other work has revealed that the immunogenetics of tolerance are complex. Family studies using field-collected outbred adult X. laevis showed that when grafted during metamorphosis skin that differed by one-MHC haplotype had prolonged survival (more than 75 days) and the majority of those grafts were never rejected suggesting long lasting tolerance (Barlow, DiMarzo et al 1981).…”

Section: Immune Response and Allotolerance In X Laevis Larvae To Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Skin Graft Tolerance and Rejection in the Frog Xenopus Laevis

Nedelkovska¹,

Robert²

2011

Skin Grafts - Indications, Applications and Current Research

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Tissue typing by skin grafting during metamorphosis of the toadXenopus laevis (Daudin)

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Ontogeny of immunity in amphibians: Changes in antibody repertoires and appearance of adult major histocompatibility antigens in Xenopus

Ontogeny of immunity in amphibians: Changes in antibody repertoires and appearance of adult major histocompatibility antigens in Xenopus

The immune system is involved in Xenopus metamorphosis

Comparative Study of Skin Graft Tolerance and Rejection in the Frog Xenopus Laevis

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