Titanium Dioxide and Its Applications in Mechanical, Electrical, Optical, and Biomedical Fields

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), owing to its non-toxicity, chemical stability, and low cost, is one of the most valuable ceramic materials. TiO2 derived coatings not only act like a ceramic protective shield for the metallic substrate but also provide cathodic protection to the metals against the corrosive solution under Ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Being biocompatible, TiO2 coatings are widely used as an implant material. The acid treatment of TiO2 promotes the attachment of cells and bone tissue integration with the implant. In this chapter, the applications of TiO2 as a corrosion inhibitor and bioactive material are briefly discussed. The semiconducting nature and high refractive index of TiO2 conferred UV shielding properties, allowing it to absorb or reflect UV rays. Several studies showed that a high ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was achieved by incorporating TiO2 in the sunscreens (to protect the human skin) and textile fibers (to minimize its photochemical degradation). The rutile phase of TiO2 offers high whiteness, and opacity owing to its tendency to scatter light. These properties enable TiO2 to be used as a pigment a brief review of which is also addressed in this chapter. Since TiO2 exhibits high hardness and fracture toughness, the wear rate of composite is considerably reduced by adding TiO2. On interacting with gases like hydrogen at elevated temperatures, the electrical resistance of TiO2 changes to some different value. The change in resistance can be utilized in detecting various gases that enables TiO2 to be used as a gas sensor for monitoring different gases. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive review of applications of TiO2 as an anti-corrosion, wear-resistant material in the mechanical field, a UV absorber, pigment in the optical sector, a bioactive material in the biomedical field, and a gas sensor in the electrical domain.

Development of TiO2/ZrO2 Multi-Material Obtained from Ceramic Pastes for Material Extrusion

“…The microhardness results for the TiO2 and ZrO2 zones of the MCS3 are presented in Table 1. The TiO2 zone had an average hardness of 636.7 HV, which is below the literature data value of around 850 HV [35]. This could be attributable to the porous structure.…”

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Using Impatiens rothii Hook.f. Leaf Extract for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

“…21,23 There are three crystallographic forms of TiO 2 , namely, anatase (tetragonal), rutile (tetragonal), and brookite (orthorhombic). 24,25 In general, TiO 2 is considered as an ecologically friendly and has been used in various industrial applications including gas sensors, 26 corrosion protection, 27 white pigment, 28 dye-sensitized solar cells, 29 remediation of the environment, 30 hydrogen gas production, 31 providing high dielectric constant and high electrical resistance, 32 and reduction of carbon dioxide. 33 Titanium dioxide NPs can be synthesized using a variety of methods, including sol−gel, sono-chemical, microwave-assisted, 34 deposition, hydro/solvothermal, and oxidation methods.…”

“…Due to its numerous benefits, such as great photocatalytic ability, high oxidizing power, low toxicity and biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability, and ease of accessibility, TiO 2 is one of the best materials for photocatalytic processes. , There are three crystallographic forms of TiO 2 , namely, anatase (tetragonal), rutile (tetragonal), and brookite (orthorhombic). , In general, TiO 2 is considered as an ecologically friendly and has been used in various industrial applications including gas sensors, corrosion protection, white pigment, dye-sensitized solar cells, remediation of the environment, hydrogen gas production, providing high dielectric constant and high electrical resistance, and reduction of carbon dioxide …”

Effect of titanium nanostructured surface on fibroblast behavior

“…Biocompatibility of material is ensured by a passive layer of titanium oxide, which is formed on the titanium's surface and protects the material from environmental influences 15,16 . This oxide layer can be artificially increased and modified 17,18 …”