Titanium dioxide based self-cleaning smart surfaces: A short review

Padmanabhan, Nisha T.; John, Honey

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104211

Cited by 129 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Some of these metal dopants (Ag, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pt, Rh, and Pd) act as free electrons, which facilitates the conjugation of the photogenerated carriers [26]. Conversely, metal-doped materials have been reported to be thermodynamically unstable, which can be captured on the TiO 2 band gap at the d-level and can subsequently shift the redox potential [26,30,62,63]. However, by removing the electron hole, TiO 2 doped with metallic cations with lower oxidation states can maintain electron stability [30].…”

Section: • Cationic Doping Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, metal-doped materials have been reported to be thermodynamically unstable, which can be captured on the TiO 2 band gap at the d-level and can subsequently shift the redox potential [26,30,62,63]. However, by removing the electron hole, TiO 2 doped with metallic cations with lower oxidation states can maintain electron stability [30]. In addition, TiO 2 doped with metallic cations with higher oxidation states, by adding electrons to the already empty conduction band, can also enhance the electron stability [20,40].…”

Section: • Cationic Doping Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneous photocatalysis mechanism involves the ability of semiconductors to produce charge carriers under light irradiation, preceded by the production of free radicals such as OH − , which contributes to further reactions, eventually forming CO 2 and H 2 O [32]. Excitation, bulk diffusion, light-induced surface transfer, and photon absorption with a potential energy greater than the band gap are all part of the basic photocatalytic activation mechanism [30,47]. As shown in Figure 3, when UV light with an energy greater than the band gap energy of TiO 2 is irradiated, electrons in the valance band are excited to the conductance band, which leaves positive charge holes (h + ) in the valance band.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Tio 2 Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the CB electron reduces oxygen to superoxide ions (O2 •− ). This reaction prevents the e − /h + from recombining, which happens when other electron acceptors such as pollutants are absent [30,40]. Organic pollutants (R) in wastewater can be oxidized to carbon dioxide ( and water by oxygen reactive radicals.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Tio2 Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of Synthesized Magnetic TiO2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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Global accessibility to clean water has stressed the need to develop advanced technologies for the removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater to meet stringent discharge water quality limits. Conventionally, the high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants. Therefore, this review elucidated titanium dioxide (TiO2), based on its unique properties (low cost, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability), to have great potential in engineering photocatalytic-based membranes for reclamation of wastewater for re-use. The environmental pathway of TiO2 nanoparticles, membranes and configuration types, modification process, characteristics, and applications of IPMs in water settings are discussed. Future research and prospects of magnetized TiO2-based membrane technology is highlighted as a viable water purification technology to mitigate fouling in the membrane process and photocatalyst recoverability. In addition, exploring life cycle assessment research would also aid in utilizing the concept and pressing for large-scale application of this technology.

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Section: • Cationic Doping Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Cationic Doping Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Tio 2 Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Tio2 Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of Synthesized Magnetic TiO2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…• Self cleaning (lotus leaf [55], Photocatalysis [56], tear film of the human eye [57]) • Self healing (Human skin [67,68]) • Wetness resistance (surface of a biological organism [55]) • Scratch resistance (Mollusc shell [55]) • Color changing (Chameleon [83]) • Transparency (Human Eye [57]) • Corrosion resistance (petal of rad rose [61]) • Lubrication (Pitcher plant, Salvinia [62])…”

Section: Surface Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Designs for Automobile Engineering: A Review

Wijegunawardana

Mel

2021

IJAME

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Automobile engineering often demands creative and innovative concepts to achieve their performance and efficiency targets. However, the strategies used to create these concepts are evolving with time. Recently, heightened attention has been noticed to using biomimetic concepts in the field of automobile design. The studies that apply biomimicry to automobile design often exhibit improvements in vehicle performance and fuel efficiency. Consequently, biomimetic concepts have extended an opportunity to the automobile industry to generate futuristic designs with advanced technology. However, the innovations and inventions in biology are usually published with more complex terminology that is not convenient for the research community working on automobile engineering. Hence, a notable delay is present in transferring the recent discoveries in biology to engineering researches so that they can develop strategies to mimic them. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the biomimetic design approaches that have been and can be used in automobile design. In addition, the paper includes a classification of biomimetic concepts, which reveals the current research interests and highlights the areas with a deficit of research that is required to be addressed extensively in the future.

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