Titanium Dioxide Nanotube-Based Oxygen Indicator for Modified Atmosphere Packaging: Efficiency and Accuracy

Abstract

Colorimetric oxygen indicators can be applied for non-destructive testing in packaging; especially in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In this paper; titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube; which is used as a semiconductor photocatalyst in oxygen indicators; was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze its crystal form and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).to characterize its morphology. Its properties were studied using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Diffuse Reflection Spectrum (DRS), and Bluebottle experiments. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 nanotube was a mixture of rutile and anatase; with a specific surface area of 190.35 m2/g; and a wide band gap of 3.34 eV. Given the satisfactory performance; the TiO2-based oxygen indicator was prepared and combined with glycerol; methylene blue; and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The oxygen indicator demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance and effectively avoided excitation by visible light. We studied the rheological properties; thixotropic properties; and wettability of the indicator. The results demonstrated the printability of the indicator solution; which was then printed in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by screen printing and applied to MAP. The application results showed that the prepared oxygen indicator was able to provide visual support to judge whether the packaging was intact and the food was safe.

Development of a Novel Nanotextured Titanium Implant. An Experimental Study in Rats

“…As the samples of both groups were of the same titanium type (grade IV Ti-cp), coming from the same supplier, and having passed through the same method of sterilization, the only difference between them was the surface treatment. Thus, it can be stated that the drastic increase of the hydrophilicity achieved in the samples of the Test Group was due to the creation of the surface layer of TiO 2 nanotubes, which certainly provided a significant increase of the specific surface area, as previously demonstrated by Wen et al [30]. According to Lang and Chiang, the increased in hydrophilicity in titanium implants may have a positive repercussion in the acceleration of osseointegration, as verified by the histomorphometric results of the present study [15,31].…”

Innovative nanotechnology‐based sustainable food packaging: A brief review

“…99 indicator with no destruction to package using TiO 2 nanotubes using its photocatalytic properties. 100 Upon UV radiation, 2 in nanotubes produces electrons and holes with positive and negative charges, respectively, where the released electrons can change the colour of methylene blue by chemical reactions. Ultimately, the colour of methylene blue changes upon the detection of oxygen.…”

Colorimetric oxygen indicator films based on β‐cyclodextrin grafted chitosan/montmorillonite with redox system for intelligent food packaging

“…In addition, oxygen indicators, based on MB, have been coupled with other reducing reagents, for example, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 19 hydride‐terminated silicon particles, 13 and titanium dioxide 20 . For the indicator substrate, synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers have been widely used due to the fast reoxidation rate and obtained stable reaction products in these media 21 .…”

“…1 In addition, oxygen indicators, based on MB, have been coupled with other reducing reagents, for example, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 19 hydride-terminated silicon particles, 13 and titanium dioxide. 20 For the indicator substrate, synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers have been widely used due to the fast reoxidation rate and obtained stable reaction products in these media. 21 Natural polymer substrates, that is, hydroxy ethyl cellulose 22 and zein, 14 that are biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic, providing an advantage in food packaging, have been reported with a MB-redox system as an oxygen indicator.…”