Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Mesocrystals: Synthesis, Growth Mechanisms and Photocatalytic Properties

Bulk inorganic materials play important roles in human society, and their construction is commonly achieved by the coalescence of inorganic nano- or micro-sized particles. Understanding the coalescence process promotes the elimination of particle interfaces, leading to continuous bulk phases with improved functions. In this review, we mainly focus on the coalescence of ceramic and metal materials for bulk construction. The basic knowledge of coalescent mechanism on inorganic materials is briefly introduced. Then, the properties of the inorganic precursors, which determine the coalescent behaviors of inorganic phases, are discussed from the views of particle interface, size, crystallinity, and orientation. The relationships between fundamental discoveries and industrial applications are emphasized. Based upon the understandings, the applications of inorganic bulk materials produced by the coalescence of their particle precursors are further presented. In conclusion, the challenges of particle coalescence for bulk material construction are presented, and the connection between recent fundamental findings and industrial applications is highlighted, aiming to provide an insightful outlook for the future development of functional inorganic materials.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Inorganic Bulks through Coalescence of Particle Precursors

2021

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“…Global water scarcity is a temporal and graphical mismatch between freshwater resources and the world's water demand. The increasing world population and urban industrialization have made water scarcity more alarming as shown in Figure 2, predicting the gap between supply (4200 billion m 3 ) and demand (6900 billion m 3 ) of freshwater in 2030. A major proportion of this water is used for the agriculture sector and then for the industrial sector.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has always been a hot topic to attain high crystalline TiO 2 NPs with tunable functions by manipulating its morphology. In this context, mesocrystal TiO 2 has gained much attention with remarkable photocatalytic activity in several applications [ 3 ]. Moreover, TiO 2 NPs have unique characteristics of a very high refractive index, whiteness, and opacity, efficiency, increased chemical stability, and minimum cost [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Route of TiO2 NPs from Industrial Applications to Wastewater Treatment and Their Impacts on the Agro-Environment

Zahra

Habib

Chung³

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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The tremendous increase in the production and consumption of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous industrial products and applications has augmented the need to understand their role in wastewater treatment technologies. Likewise, the deleterious effects of wastewater on the environment and natural resources have compelled researchers to find out most suitable, economical and environment friendly approaches for its treatment. In this context, the use of TiO2 NPs as the representative of photocatalytic technology for industrial wastewater treatment is coming to the horizon. For centuries, the use of industrial wastewater to feed agriculture land has been a common practice across the globe and the sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants is also used as fertilizer in agricultural soils. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of possible exposure pathways of these NPs, especially in the perspective of wastewater treatment and their impacts on the agro-environment. This review highlights the potential exposure route of TiO2 NPs from industrial applications to wastewater treatment and its impacts on the agro-environment. Key elements of the review present the recent developments of TiO2 NPs in two main sectors including wastewater treatment and the agro-environment along with their potential exposure pathways. Furthermore, the direct exposure routes of these NPs from production to end-user consumption until their end phase needs to be studied in detail and optimization of their suitable applications and controlled use to ensure environmental safety.

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“…Since the invention of water photocatalysis by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [6], TiO 2 photocatalysts have emerged as the premier and champion material with splendid properties including favorable surface area, non-toxicity, abundant availability, high stability, and cost effectiveness [7,8,9]. On the contrary, TiO 2 nanoparticles (0-D), with a disadvantage of only UV light absorption, also exhibit drawbacks of fast electron–hole recombination, slow charge transfer, limited light trapping and difficulty in reuse/recycling [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 Based Nanostructures for Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Valuable Chemicals

Razzaq

2019

Micromachines

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Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to useful products is an alluring approach for acquiring the two-fold benefits of normalizing excess atmospheric CO2 levels and the production of solar chemicals/fuels. Therefore, photocatalytic materials are continuously being developed with enhanced performance in accordance with their respective domains. In recent years, nanostructured photocatalysts such as one dimensional (1-D), two dimensional (2-D) and three dimensional (3-D)/hierarchical have been a subject of great importance because of their explicit advantages over 0-D photocatalysts, including high surface areas, effective charge separation, directional charge transport, and light trapping/scattering effects. Furthermore, the strategy of doping (metals and non-metals), as well as coupling with a secondary material (noble metals, another semiconductor material, graphene, etc.), of nanostructured photocatalysts has resulted in an amplified photocatalytic performance. In the present review article, various titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based nanostructured photocatalysts are briefly overviewed with respect to their application in photocatalytic CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals. This review primarily focuses on the latest developments in TiO2-based nanostructures, specifically 1-D (TiO2 nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts etc.) and 2-D (TiO2 nanosheets, nanolayers), and the reaction conditions and analysis of key parameters and their role in the up-grading and augmentation of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, TiO2-based 3-D and/or hierarchical nanostructures for CO2 conversions are also briefly scrutinized, as they exhibit excellent performance based on the special nanostructure framework, and can be an exemplary photocatalyst architecture demonstrating an admirable performance in the near future.

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Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Mesocrystals: Synthesis, Growth Mechanisms and Photocatalytic Properties

Cited by 57 publications

References 184 publications

Construction of Inorganic Bulks through Coalescence of Particle Precursors

Construction of Inorganic Bulks through Coalescence of Particle Precursors

Exposure Route of TiO2 NPs from Industrial Applications to Wastewater Treatment and Their Impacts on the Agro-Environment

TiO2 Based Nanostructures for Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Valuable Chemicals

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