Titanium distribution in swimming pool water is dominated by dissolved species

Holbrook, R. David; Motabar, Donna; Quiñones, Oscar; Stanford, Benjamin D.; Vanderford, Brett J.; Moss, Donna

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.044

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…While surface transformation of the particle coating in part or in whole is likely, the particle core itself will probably remain intact. An exception to this is given by Holbrook et al, 2013 where the researchers found the predominant fraction of Ti in pool water to be dissolved (David Holbrook et al, 2013). Variable efficiency of the coatings to protect particles during direct (Nakagawa et al, 1997) and indirect UV exposure, in addition to modifications during different exposure scenarios, has been observed.…”

Section: Sunscreens Cosmetics Personal Care Products and Cleaning Amentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The creams were submitted to artificial aging simulating drastic environmental conditions (UV/visible irradiation, water and stirring) (Botta et al, 2011) which resulted in agglomeration and sedimentation of the ENPs. In swimming pool water, protective coatings may be stripped from TiO 2 particles (Virkutyte et al, 2012) and in some cases even result in dissolved species in the water (David Holbrook et al, 2013).…”

Section: Sunscreens Cosmetics Personal Care Products and Cleaning Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

353

243

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In the context of assessing potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), life cycle thinking can represent a holistic view on the impacts of ENPs through the entire value chain of nano-enhanced products from production, through use, and finally to disposal. Exposure to ENPs in consumer or environmental settings may either be to the original, pristine ENPs, or more likely, to ENPs that have been incorporated into products, released, aged and transformed. Here, key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting ENPs are reviewed. The focus is on processes resulting in ENP release and on the transformation(s) the released particles undergo in the use and disposal phases of its product life cycle for several nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, TiO2, carbon nanotubes, CeO2, SiO2 etc.). These include photochemical transformations, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption and desorption, combustion, abrasion and biotransformation, among other biogeochemical processes. To date, few studies have tried to establish what changes the ENPs undergo when they are incorporated into, and released from, products. As a result there is major uncertainty as to the state of many ENPs following their release because much of current testing on pristine ENPs may not be fully relevant for risk assessment purposes. The goal of this present review is therefore to use knowledge on the life cycle of nano-products to derive possible transformations common ENPs in nano-products may undergo based on how these products will be used by the consumer and eventually discarded. By determining specific gaps in knowledge of the ENP transformation process, this approach should prove useful in narrowing the number of physical experiments that need to be conducted and illuminate where more focused effort can be placed.

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Section: Sunscreens Cosmetics Personal Care Products and Cleaning Amentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sunscreens Cosmetics Personal Care Products and Cleaning Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

353

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Aside from this application TiO2 can be also used as an antimicrobial agent, inorganic UV filter, and a catalyst for air and water purification, medical applications and energy storage (Botelho et al, 2014;Janer et al, 2014;López-Heras et al, 2014;Weir et al, 2012). In order to fulfil the required role, the particles have to be up to 100 nm in their diameter, which is, however, proved to be only in 36% of the produced NPs (Botelho et al, 2014;Holbrook et al, 2013;Weir et al, 2012). Another crucial parameter is the concentration, which varies in different products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and microscopic analysis of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in vitro

Tománková

Hořáková

Harvanová

et al. 2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Commercially manufactured nanomaterials are used massively for modification of products of everyday use, including products intended for children. Therefore their potential risks have to be ultimately studied. Aside from toxicity of nanomaterials with known specific parameters, the end-consumer is potentially endangered by materials with unknown specification. Commercially available products are not usually accompanied by parameter/specification sheet providing the consumer with sufficient chemico-physical parameters allowing the evaluation of possible toxic effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the declared parameters of commercially available TiO2 and Ag NPs employing chemico-physical methods and consequently in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests performed on non-cancer cell lines. Based on the results of our complex study we can conclude that the data provided by the producers are not in good agreement with the performed measurements. Furthermore, all tested NPs penetrated into the SVK14 cells and all NPs had significant effect on the kinetics of ROS production in all cell lines (note: the ROS production has not been established as the major mechanism of cell damage elicited by Ag NPs). The study revealed greater cytotoxic potential of Ag NPs in comparison with TiO2 NPs and all of the studied NPs caused significant DNA damage.

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“…Some elements such as Ti, Cd, Cs and Pb were less than LOQ for all tested water samples. This is promising because these elements considered to be toxic and could pose risk to human health (Foster et al 2006;Holbrook et al 2013). Fe and Co values were very low, just twice as LOQ for each element, in all tested samples.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

Brima

2014

Appl Water Sci

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Titanium distribution in swimming pool water is dominated by dissolved species

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and microscopic analysis of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in vitro

Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

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